CHAPTER 4: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY: CONCEPT OF GENE

Question 1

s are the physical basis of heredity and it carries the genes

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

is a double helix strand that is composed of polymer of repeating nucleotides (phosphates and nucleoside)

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 3

are the hereditary units or fragments/segments or portions of DNA

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

It is the genetic material in almost all organisms:

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 5

• a central region of a prokaryotic cell that contains its DNA

Answer 5

Nucleoid

Question 6

molecules capable of storing and transmitting biological information

Answer 6

Genetic material

Question 7

Genetic material:

Answer 7

DNA
RNA

Question 8

• genetic material of eukaryotes, prokaryotes & some viruses

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

• genetic material of some viruses

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

DNA AS GENETIC MATERIAL:

Answer 10

1. Faithful replication
2. Variation by mutation
3. Storage of information
4. Expression and translation of the information into action

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a. Double helix
b. Contains ribose
c. Made of amino acids
d. Contains uracil

Answer 11

a. Double helix

Question 12

1953: _______ and ________- proposed the molecular structure
of the DNA

Answer 12

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 13

Structure of DNA:

Answer 13

• Double helix, as related to genomics, is a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.
• It is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together.
• Each strand has a backbone made of
  alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
• sugar-phosphate backbone”

Question 14

CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL:

Answer 14

1. phosphate group (PO4)
2. sugar - pentose (five-carbon molecule)
3. nitrogen base

Question 15

Structure of DNA:

Answer 15

• Nucleotide bases / Nucleobases
• Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar, pentose)
• Phosphate

Question 16

Nucleotide bases / Nucleobases:

Answer 16

1. Purines – adenine (A) and guanine (G)
2. Pyrimidines – cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
   and uracil (U)

Question 17

• is the sugar component in DNA

Answer 17

Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar, pentose)

Question 18

• is the sugar component in RNA

Answer 18

Ribose

Question 19

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DNA

Answer 19

a. Nucleotide
b. Nucleoside
c. Nucleobases
d. Complementary base pairs
e. Nitrogenous base

Question 20

– building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 20

Nucleotide

Question 21

– sugar molecules and nitrogen bases

Answer 21

Nucleoside

Question 22

– are parts of DNA and RNA involved in base pairing. They are complementary.

Answer 22

Nucleobases (Nucleotide bases)

Question 23

Nucleobases found in DNA:

Answer 23

Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T)

Question 24

Nucleobase found in RNA:

Answer 24

Uracil (replaces Thymine in base pairing)

Question 25

– cytosine-guanine, adenine-thymine or adenine-uracil

Answer 25

Complementary base pairs

Question 26

is an organic compound containing nitrogen that include numerous amines (such as ammonia, NH3), pyrimidine bases, and purine bases. They form the rungs of the "twisted ladder" or double helix of DNA.

Answer 26

Nitrogenous base

Question 27

2 Groups of Nitrogenous Base:

Answer 27

1. Purines 2. Pyrimidines

Question 28

– adenine (A) and guanine (G)

Answer 28

Purines

Question 29

– cytosine (C) and thymine (T) and uracil (U)

Answer 29

Pyrimidines