NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS: GENE INTERACTIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF MENDELIAN RATIOS

Question 1

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE ARE ____________

Answer 1

FOUNDATIONS OF GENETICS

Question 2

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE ARE FOUNDATIONS OF GENETICS:

Answer 2

• PRINCIPLE OF UNIT FACTORS
• PRINCPLE OF DOMINANCE
• LAW OF SEGREGATION
• LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

Question 3

In Mendel’s work on pea plants, each gene came in just__________ versions, or ______, and these alleles had a nice, clear-cut dominance relationship.

Answer 3

two different; alleles

Question 4

In the real world, genes often come in many (alleles). Alleles aren’t always ____________ to one another, but may instead display codominance or incomplete dominance.

Answer 4

fully dominant or recessive

Question 5

Non-mendelian genetics involves the ___________ that does not follow Mendel’s laws.

Answer 5

pattern of inheritance

Question 6

When scientists began exploring more and more test crosses, they observed that there are ________ that do not match up with Mendel’s laws.

Answer 6

several traits

Question 7

in Mendelian inheritance ______ dominates the other

Answer 7

one gene

Question 8

in Mendelian, dominant allele _____ on the organisms while
the recessive allele will ______

Answer 8

appear; not appear

Question 9

in Non-Mendelian, ______ come together and mix

Answer 9

Many genes

Question 10

in Non-Mendelian, Genes from both parents can _______ in organisms, causing the inheritance to become uncertain or hard to predict

Answer 10

mix or show up

Question 11

a term that describes the joint role of multiple genes in determining phenotypic variability

Answer 11

GENE INTERACTIONS

Question 12

GENE INTERACTIONS:

Answer 12

I. Allelic interactions
II. Non-allelic interactions

Question 13

This occurs when one gene control one trait, such as in various forms of dominance relationship.

Answer 13

Allelic interactions

Question 14

Allelic interactions:

Answer 14

A. Complete dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. No dominance

Question 15

A condition wherein the allele regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.

Answer 15

Complete dominance

Question 16

in complete dominance, Heterozygotes are _________ to the homozygous dominant

Answer 16

phenotypically identical

Question 17

in complete dominance, F2 phenotypic ratio is _____

Answer 17

3:1

Question 18

incomplete (means) dominance

Answer 18

partial

Question 19

The dominant character expresses itself but not completely.

Answer 19

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Question 20

in incomplete dominance, the case is, dominance is ______ and the progeny _____ resemble any of its parents.

Answer 20

absent; does not

Question 21

in incomplete dominance, Heterozygotes are __________ between the two homozygous types of the parents

Answer 21

phenotypically intermediate

Question 22

in incomplete dominance, F2 Phenotypic Ratio is _____

Answer 22

1:2:1

Question 23

No particular gene is dominant

Answer 23

NO DOMINANCE

Question 24

No particular gene is dominant, such as:

Answer 24

→ Codominance
→ Lethal genes

Question 25

Codominance means ______

Answer 25

mutual/together

Question 26

Both the dominant alleles are equally strong & thus expressed in the offspring simultaneously.

Answer 26

Codominance

Question 27

in Codominance, Heterozygotes exhibit a _____ of the phenotypic characters of both homozygotes instead of a single intermediate expression.

Answer 27

mixture

Question 28

in Codominance, Characters with two forms are displayed at ________

Answer 28

the same time

Question 29

in Codominance, F2 Phenotypic Ratio is _______

Answer 29

1:2:1

Question 30

These are genes that can cause the death of an organism.

Answer 30

Lethal Genes

Question 31

Lethal Genes Type:

Answer 31

→ Dominant lethals → Recessive lethals

Question 32

These are the alleles whose presence is required in one copy in an entity for them to turn fatal

Answer 32

Dominant lethals

Question 33

Example: Huntington’s disease

Answer 33

Dominant lethals

Question 34

those that are lethal when in homozygous recessive condition

Answer 34

Reccesive lethals

Question 35

effects of recessive genes are sufficiently drastic to kill the bearers of certain genotypes

Answer 35

Reccesive lethals

Question 36

examples are sickle cell anemia and albinism

Answer 36

Reccesive lethals