Chapter 4 The Muscular System A&P

Question 1

are the long, slender cells that make up muscles

Answer 1

muscle fibers

Question 2

is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscle or groups of muscles

Answer 2

fascia

Question 3

means pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

Answer 3

myofascial

Question 4

is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Answer 4

tendon

Question 5

is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue, which resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone

Answer 5

aponeurosis

Question 6

are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

Answer 6

skeletal muscle

Question 7

are located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands

Answer 7

smooth muscle

Question 8

also known as myocardium, form the muscular walls of the heart

Answer 8

myocardial (cardiac) muscle

Question 9

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

voluntary, striated, and multiple eccentric nuclei

Question 10

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 10

involuntary, non-striated

Question 11

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 11

involuntary, striated, and one centrally located nucleus

Question 12

is the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

Answer 12

muscle innervation

Question 13

means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Answer 13

neuromuscular

Question 14

refers to working in opposition to each other

Answer 14

antagonistic

Question 15

is the tightening of a muscle

Answer 15

contraction

Question 16

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form

Answer 16

relaxation

Question 17

is the movement of a limb away from the midline

Answer 17

abduction

Question 18

is the movement of a limb toward the midline

Answer 18

adduction

Question 19

is the act of raising or lifting a body part

Answer 19

elevation

Question 20

is the act of lowering a body part

Answer 20

depression

Question 21

is a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

Answer 21

rotation

Question 22

is the circular movement at the far end of a limb

Answer 22

circumduction

Question 23

means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

Answer 23

flexion

Question 24

means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

Answer 24

extension

Question 25

is the extreme or overextension of a limb or body party

Answer 25

hyperextension

Question 26

turns a body part on its axis

Answer 26

rotator muscle

Question 27

is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder

Answer 27

rotator cuff

Question 28

is the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

Answer 28

supination

Question 29

is the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

Answer 29

pronation

Question 30

is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Answer 30

dorsiflexion

Question 31

is the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

Answer 31

plantar flexion

Question 32

means pertaining to the sole of the foot

Answer 32

plantar

Question 33

is where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

Answer 33

origin

Question 34

is where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. is more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body

Answer 34

insertion

Question 35

muscle helps bend the neck and rotate the head

Answer 35

sternocleidomastoid

Question 36

muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process

Answer 36

mastoid muscle

Question 37

are the pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible

Answer 37

flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles

Question 38

is a thick, fan shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

Answer 38

pectoralis major muscle

Question 39

means toward the side

Answer 39

lateralis

Question 40

is a muscle toward the outer side of the leg

Answer 40

vastus lateralis

Question 41

means toward the midline

Answer 41

medialis

Question 42

is a muscle toward the midline of the leg

Answer 42

vastus medialis

Question 43

means slanted or at an angle

Answer 43

oblique

Question 44

means in a straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Answer 44

rectus

Question 45

is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Answer 45

sphincter

Question 46

means in a crosswise direction

Answer 46

transverse

Question 47

is the largest muscle of the buttocks

Answer 47

gluteus maximus

Question 48

located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three muscles

Answer 48

hamstrings group

Question 49

what three muscles make up the hamstrings

Answer 49

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

Question 50

what is the function of the hamstrings

Answer 50

knee flexion, and hip extension

Question 51

is in the forehead. raises and lowers eyebrows

Answer 51

frontalis (occipitofrontalis)

Question 52

muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

Answer 52

temporalis

Question 53

which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

Answer 53

masseter

Question 54

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

Answer 54

pectoralis major

Question 55

muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column, also flex torso and compress the abdomen

Answer 55

external oblique

Question 56

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

Answer 56

internal oblique

Question 57

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

Answer 57

rectus abdominus

Question 58

is located on the side of the abdomen. called the core muscle

Answer 58

transverse abdominus

Question 59

forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

Answer 59

deltoid muscle

Question 60

muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

Answer 60

trapezius muscle

Question 61

located in the anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow

Answer 61

biceps brachii

Question 62

located in the posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

Answer 62

triceps brachii

Question 63

extends the leg at the knee

Answer 63

rectus femoris

Question 64

is made up of four muscles

Answer 64

quadriceps femoris

Question 65

is the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

Answer 65

gastrocnemius

Question 66

is a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs

Answer 66

exercise physiologist

Question 67

is a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

Answer 67

neurologist

Question 68

is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

Answer 68

physiatrist

Question 69

specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles

Answer 69

sports medicine physician

Question 70

means a condition causing weakness

Answer 70

debilitating

Question 71

refers to adhesions forming in the capsule of connective tissue in the shoulder

Answer 71

frozen shoulder

Question 72

means deterioration or breaking down

Answer 72

degeneration

Question 73

means the process of becoming worse

Answer 73

deterioration

Question 74

means coming and going at intervals

Answer 74

intermittent

Question 75

means limping

Answer 75

claudication

Question 76

means pertaining to night

Answer 76

nocturnal

Question 77

are tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle

Answer 77

trigger points

Question 78

pain that originates in one area of the body, but is felt in another

Answer 78

referred pain

Question 79

means the person has some function below the level of the injury

Answer 79

incomplete injury

Question 80

means that there is complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of the injury

Answer 80

complete injury

Question 81

is an involuntary response to stimulus

Answer 81

reflex

Question 82

is characterized by pain on the outer side of the forearm

Answer 82

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

Question 83

is characterized by pain on the palm-side of the forearm

Answer 83

medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)