Chapter 3 The Skeletal System A&P

Question 1

is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

Answer 1

periosteum

Question 2

is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones

Answer 2

compact bone (cortical bone)

Question 3

is lighter and not as strong as compact bone. red bone marrow is located within

Answer 3

spongy (cancellous bone)

Question 4

is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone

Answer 4

medullary cavity

Question 5

means pertaining to the inner section

Answer 5

medullary

Question 6

is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 6

endosteum

Question 7

is located within the spongy bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells

Answer 7

red bone marrow

Question 8

means pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Answer 8

hemopoietic

Question 9

functions as a fat storage area

Answer 9

yellow bone marrow

Question 10

is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connect tissue that acts as a shock absorber

Answer 10

cartilage

Question 11

covers the surface of bones where they come together to form joints

Answer 11

articular cartilage

Question 12

is the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee

Answer 12

meniscus

Question 13

is the shaft of a long bone

Answer 13

diaphysis

Question 14

are the wider ends of long bones such as the femur of the legs

Answer 14

epiphysis

Question 15

is the end of the bone located nearest to the midline

Answer 15

proximal epiphysis

Question 16

is the end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body

Answer 16

distal epiphysis

Question 17

is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Answer 17

foramen

Question 18

is the opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Answer 18

foramen magnum

Question 19

is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

Answer 19

process

Question 20

is the bony projection located on the temporal bone just behind the ears

Answer 20

mastoid process

Question 21

are the place of union between two or more bones

Answer 21

joints (articulations)

Question 22

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together

Answer 22

fibrous joints (sutures)

Question 23

soft spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn

Answer 23

fontanelles

Question 24

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

Answer 24

cartilaginous joints

Question 25

allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. is located behind the pubic bones

Answer 25

pubic symphysis

Question 26

is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

Answer 26

synovial joint

Question 27

such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions

Answer 27

ball-and-socket joints

Question 28

such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

Answer 28

hinge joints

Question 29

is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

Answer 29

synovial capsule

Question 30

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

Answer 30

synovial membrane

Question 31

flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant

Answer 31

synovial fluid

Question 32

are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

Answer 32

ligaments

Question 33

is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

Answer 33

bursa

Question 34

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system. consists of 80 bones

Answer 34

axial skeleton

Question 35

makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. consists of 126 bones

Answer 35

appendicular skeleton

Question 36

is made up of 8 bones of the skull

Answer 36

cranium

Question 37

is the anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

Answer 37

frontal bone

Question 38

are two of the largest bones of the skull. form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

Answer 38

parietal bones

Question 39

forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium

Answer 39

occiptal bone

Question 40

form the sides and base of the cranium

Answer 40

temporal bones

Question 41

is the opening of the external auditor canal of the outer ear.

Answer 41

external auditor meatus

Question 42

is the external opening of a canal

Answer 42

meatus

Question 43

is an irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. makes contact with all other cranial bones

Answer 43

sphenoid bone

Question 44

is light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose

Answer 44

ethmoid bone

Question 45

are the three tiny bones located in each middle ear

Answer 45

auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 46

form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

Answer 46

nasal bones

Question 47

known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bones

Answer 47

zygomatic bones

Question 48

form most of the upper jaw

Answer 48

maxillary bones (maxillae)

Question 49

form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

Answer 49

palatine bones

Question 50

make up part of the orbit at the inner angle

Answer 50

lacrimal bones

Question 51

are the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

Answer 51

inferior conchae

Question 52

forms the base for the nasal septum

Answer 52

vomer bone

Question 53

also known as the jawbone, is the only movable bone of the skull

Answer 53

mandible

Question 54

also known as the rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs

Answer 54

thoracic cavity

Question 55

the first seven pair of ribs are called; attach anteriorly to the sternum

Answer 55

true ribs

Question 56

next three pairs of ribs; attach anterior to cartilage that connects them to the sternum

Answer 56

false ribs

Question 57

last two ribs; attach posteriorly to the vertebrae but not attached anteriorly

Answer 57

floating ribs

Question 58

also known as the breast bone; dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

Answer 58

sternum

Question 59

is the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Answer 59

manubrium

Question 60

is the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Answer 60

body of the sternum

Question 61

is the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

Answer 61

xiphoid process

Question 62

supports the arms and hands. also known as the shoulder girdle

Answer 62

pectoral girdle

Question 63

known as the collar bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

Answer 63

clavicle

Question 64

is also known as the shoulder blader

Answer 64

scapula

Question 65

is an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

Answer 65

acromion

Question 66

is the bone of the upper arm

Answer 66

humerus

Question 67

is the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm

Answer 67

radius

Question 68

is the largest and longer bone of the forearm

Answer 68

ulna

Question 69

commonly known as the funny bone, is a large projection on the upper end of the ulna

Answer 69

olecranon process

Question 70

are the bones that form the wrist

Answer 70

carpals

Question 71

are the five bones that form the palm of the hand

Answer 71

metacarpals

Question 72

are the 14 bones of the fingers and the bones of the toes

Answer 72

phalanges

Question 73

is also known as the vertebral column, protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body

Answer 73

spinal column

Question 74

anterior portion of vertebra

Answer 74

body of vertebrae

Question 75

the posterior portion of a vertebra is known as the

Answer 75

lamina

Question 76

is the opening in the middle of the vertebra. allows spinal cord to pass through

Answer 76

vertebral foramen

Question 77

made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other

Answer 77

intervertebral disks

Question 78

are the first set of vertebrae and they form the neck

Answer 78

cervical vertebrae

Question 79

how many cervical vertebrae are there

Answer 79

7

Question 80

known as T1-T12, are the second set of vertebrae. surround the ribs

Answer 80

thoracic vertebrae

Question 81

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

Answer 81

12

Question 82

make up the third set of vertebrae, and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine

Answer 82

lumbar vertebrae

Question 83

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 83

5

Question 84

is the slightly curved triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine

Answer 84

sacrum

Question 85

how many sacral vertebrae are there

Answer 85

5

Question 86

is also known as the tailbone, forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together

Answer 86

coccyx

Question 87

how many coccygeal vertebrae are there

Answer 87

4

Question 88

protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities

Answer 88

pelvic girdle

Question 89

is the broad-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

Answer 89

ilium

Question 90

is the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of ilium

Answer 90

sacroiliac

Question 91

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone

Answer 91

ischium

Question 92

forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone

Answer 92

pubis

Question 93

is the cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bone

Answer 93

pubic symphysis

Question 94

also known as the hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis

Answer 94

acetabulum

Question 95

largest bone in the body

Answer 95

femur

Question 96

also known as the kneecap

Answer 96

patella

Question 97

the posterior aspect behind the knee

Answer 97

popliteal

Question 98

known as the shinbone, is the larger anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg

Answer 98

tibia

Question 99

is the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg and is located laterally

Answer 99

fibula

Question 100

is a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Answer 100

malleolus

Question 101

is the ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

Answer 101

talus

Question 102

also known as the heel bone, largest of the tarsal bones

Answer 102

calcaneus

Question 103

form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached, sole of the foot

Answer 103

metatarsals

Question 104

are the bones of the toes. and big toes

Answer 104

phalanges

Question 105

what is the thumb commonly referred to as

Answer 105

Pollux

Question 106

what is the big toe commonly referred to as

Answer 106

Hallux

Question 107

specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine

Answer 107

chiropractor

Question 108

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

Answer 108

orthopedic surgeon (orthopedist)

Question 109

uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation

Answer 109

osteopath

Question 110

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Answer 110

podiatrist

Question 111

is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis and tendinitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues

Answer 111

rheumatologist

Question 112

the use of a syringe to withdraw the liquid bone marrow

Answer 112

bone marrow aspiration