Chapter 7 The Respiratory System A&P

Question 1

supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body

Answer 1

respiratory system

Question 2

consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract

Question 3

consists of the bronchial tree and lungs

Answer 3

lower respiratory tract

Question 4

interior portion of the nose

Answer 4

nasal cavity

Question 5

are the external openings of the nose

Answer 5

nostrils

Question 6

is a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

Answer 6

nasal septum

Question 7

is a wall that separates two chambers

Answer 7

septum

Question 8

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

Answer 8

cilia

Question 9

line the nose. specialized tissue also line the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems as well as other parts of the respiratory system

Answer 9

mucous membranes

Question 10

is a slippery secretion produced by the mucous membrane that protects and lubricates these tissues

Answer 10

mucus

Question 11

are nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

Answer 11

olfactory receptors

Question 12

are part of the lymphatic system. protect the body from infection coming through the nose or the mouth

Answer 12

tonsils and adenoids

Question 13

which are air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, are located in the bone of the skull

Answer 13

paranasal sinus

Question 14

can be a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue

Answer 14

sinus

Question 15

are located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows

Answer 15

frontal sinuses

Question 16

are located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye under the pituitary gland, are close to the optic nerves, and an infection here can damage vision

Answer 16

sphenoid sinuses

Question 17

which are the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are located in the maxillary bones under the eyes

Answer 17

maxillary sinuses

Question 18

are located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone

Answer 18

ethmoid sinuses

Question 19

is commonly known as the throat, receives the air after it passes through the nose or mouth as well as food

Answer 19

pharynx

Question 20

is the first division of the pharynx, is posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth. only used by the respiratory system

Answer 20

nasopharynx

Question 21

is the second division of the pharynx, is the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth. shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 21

oropharynx

Question 22

is the third division of the pharynx, is also shared by both respiratory and digestive systems (primarily digestive system function)

Answer 22

laryngopharynx

Question 23

also known as the voice box, is a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

Answer 23

larynx

Question 24

is the largest, and when enlarged it projects from the front of the throat and is commonly known as the Adam’s apple

Answer 24

thyroid cartilage

Question 25

is a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs

Answer 25

epiglottis

Question 26

is to transport air to and from the lungs. this tube, which is commonly known as the windpipe, is located directly in front of the esophagus

Answer 26

trachea

Question 27

are two large tubes, also known as primary bronchi, which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs

Answer 27

bronchi

Question 28

each primary bronchus divides and subdivides into increasingly smaller structures, which are the smallest branches of the bronchi

Answer 28

bronchioles

Question 29

also known as air sacs, are the very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Answer 29

alveoli

Question 30

means relating to or affecting the lungs

Answer 30

pulmonary

Question 31

detergent-like substance, which reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs

Answer 31

surfactant

Question 32

are the essential organs of respiration, are divided into lobes

Answer 32

lungs

Question 33

is a subdivision or part of an organ

Answer 33

lobe

Question 34

is the larger and has three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower (or superior, middle, and inferior)

Answer 34

right lung

Question 35

has only two lobes, the upper and lower, due to space restrictions because the heart is located on that side of the body

Answer 35

left lung

Question 36

is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs

Answer 36

mediastinum

Question 37

is a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Answer 37

pleura

Question 38

is the outer layer of pleura. lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

Answer 38

parietal pleura

Question 39

is the inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, is attached directly to the lungs

Answer 39

visceral pleura

Question 40

is the thin fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes

Answer 40

pleural cavity

Question 41

is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

Answer 41

diaphragm

Question 42

stimulates the diaphragm and causes it to contract

Answer 42

phrenic nerves

Question 43

or breathing, is the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide that is essential to life

Answer 43

respiration

Question 44

is the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

Answer 44

inhalation

Question 45

is the act of breathing out. diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward

Answer 45

exhalation

Question 46

is the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and in the process, exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide

Answer 46

external respiration

Question 47

is the exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues

Answer 47

internal respiration (cellular respiration)

Question 48

known as an ENT (ear, nose, throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

Answer 48

otolaryngologist

Question 49

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

Answer 49

pulmonologist

Question 50

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus

Answer 50

thoracic surgeon

Question 51

is the narrowing of the airway that develops after 5 to 15 minutes of physical exertion

Answer 51

exercise-induced asthma

Question 52

is a therapeutic technique to remove excess mucus from the lungs

Answer 52

chest percussion

Question 53

is a condition that can be brought on by the decreased oxygen in the air at higher altitudes, usually above 8,000 feet

Answer 53

altitude hypoxia (altitude sickness)

Question 54

is a state of asphyxia or suffocation. oxygen levels in the blood drop quickly, carbon dioxide levels rise, and unless the patient's breathing is restored within a few minutes, death or serious brain damage follows

Answer 54

asphyxiation

Question 55

is an important vital sign. count of the number of breaths

Answer 55

respiratory rate

Question 56

such as rale, rhonchi, and stridor provide information about the condition of the lungs

Answer 56

respiratory sounds

Question 57

is a flexible, fiber-optic device that is passed through the nose or mouth and down the airways

Answer 57

bronchoscope

Question 58

is a small tube that divides into two nasal prongs

Answer 58

nasal cannula

Question 59

allows the exhaled breath to be partially reused, delivering up to 60% oxygen

Answer 59

rebreather mask

Question 60

allows higher levels of oxygen to be added to the air taken in by the patient

Answer 60

non-rebreather mask

Question 61

or bag valve mask, is an emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation

Answer 61

ambu bag (bag valve mask)

Question 62

is the escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or into a body cavity

Answer 62

effusion

Question 63

is a dangerous form of tuberculosis because the germs have become resistant to the effect of the primary TB drugs

Answer 63

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Question 64

is lobar pneumonia involving both lungs and is usually a form of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 64

double pneumonia

Question 65

is the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

Answer 65

pneumococcal pneumonia*

Question 66

describes abnormal changes in the rate or depth of breathing

Answer 66

breathing disorders

Question 67

is a simpler version of this test in which the larynx is viewed by shining a light on an angled mirror held at the back of the soft palate

Answer 67

indirect laryngoscopy

Question 68

is a procedure in which a sample of mucus is coughed up from the lungs and then examined under a microscope to detect cancer cells

Answer 68

sputum cytology

Question 69

is performed using an instrument with several small prongs called tines

Answer 69

tuberculin tine test

Question 70

such as inhaled corticosteroids, are long-acting medications taken daily to prevent attacks

Answer 70

controller medicines

Question 71

are taken at the first sign of an attack to dilate the airways and make breathing easier

Answer 71

quick-relief or rescue medicines

Question 72

is the insertion of a tube, usually for the passage of air or fluids

Answer 72

intubation

Question 73

means a surgically created opening on a body surface

Answer 73

stoma

Question 74

is a harsh, high-pitched sound caused by a blockage present when breathing in

Answer 74

stridor

Question 75

means sudden or spasm-like

Answer 75

paroxysmal

Question 76

is a systemic bacterial infection in the bloodstream

Answer 76

sepsis