Chapter 44

Question 1

The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature)

Answer 1

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Question 2

The amount of energy that an individual needs to consume over a 24-hour period for the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest

Answer 2

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

Question 3

Complex and simple saccharides; main source of energy

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Amino acids, necessary for nitrogen balance; essential for synthesis of body tissue and growth, maintenance and repair

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

Saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated; most calorie dense; 9kcal/g

Answer 5

Fats

Question 6

All cell function depends on a fluid environment

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Essential for metabolism; water-soluble or fat-soluble

Answer 7

Vitamins

Question 8

Catalysts for enzymatic reactions; macrominerals; trace elements

Answer 8

Minerals

Question 9

Begins in the mouth and ends in the small and large intestines

Answer 9

Digestion

Question 10

Intestine is the primary area for this function

Answer 10

Absorption

Question 11

Consists of anabolic and catabolic reactions

Answer 11

Metabolism and storage of nutrients

Question 12

Chyme is moved through peristalsis and is changed into feces

Answer 12

Elimination

Question 13

Acceptable range of quantities of vitamins and minerals for each gender and age group

Answer 13

DRIs (dietary reference intakes)

Question 14

Recommended average dietary daily consumption

Answer 14

Food guidelines

Question 15

Needed protein, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, and potassium

Answer 15

Daily values

Question 16

A measurement system of the size and makeup of the body

Answer 16

anthropometry

Question 17

An estimate of what a person should weight

Answer 17

IBW (ideal body weight)

Question 18

Measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships

Answer 18

BMI (body mass index)

Question 19

Difficulty swallowing

Answer 19

dysphagia

Question 20

Provides nutrients into the GI tract.

Answer 20

Enteral nutrition (EN)

Question 21

Nutrients are provided intravenously

Answer 21

Parenteral nutrition

Question 22

Specific nutrition therapy usage for treating illness, injury, or a certain condition

Answer 22

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

Question 23

Name that disease: Helicobacter pylori, stress, acid overproduction

Answer 23

Peptic ulcer etiology

Question 24

What can you do to treat peptic ulcers?

Answer 24

avoid caffeine, avoid spicy foods, avoid aspirin & NSAIDs, consume small frequent meals

Question 25

What are some ways to treat Crohn's and idiopathic ulcerative colitis? (7)

Answer 25

Elemental diets, parenteral nutrition, vitamins & iron supplements, fiber increase, fat reduction, large meal avoidance, lactose and sorbitol avoidance

Question 26

Name that disease: must avoid gluten

Answer 26

Celiac

Question 27

Name that disease: intestinal surface decrease, lifetime EN or PN

Answer 27

Short bowl syndrome

Question 28

Name that disease: inflammation of diverticula, low- to moderate-residue diet for infection, high-fiber diet for chronic conditions

Answer 28

Diverticulitis

Question 29

Name that disease: exercise and diet therapy initially, individualized diet, carbohydrate consistency and monitoring, saturated fat less than 7%, cholesterol intake less than 200mg/dL, protein intake 15-20%

Answer 29

Type II diabetes mellitus

Question 30

Name that disease: balance caloric intake and exercise, maintain a healthy body weight; eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and complex carbs; eat fish twice per week; limit foods and beverages high in sugar and salt; limit trans-saturated fate to less than 1%

Answer 30

Cardiovascular diseases

Question 31

What are some things that radiation can cause? (5)

Answer 31

anorexia, stomatitis, severe diarrhea, intestinal strictures, pain

Question 32

Name 3 cancer treatment nutrition tips:

Answer 32

Maximize fluid and nutrient intake individualize diet to patient needs, symptoms, situation Encourage small, frequent meals and snack (easy to digest)

Question 33

Name that disease: body wasting and severe weight loss; severe diarrhea, GI malabsorption, altered nutrient metabolism; hypermetabolism as a result of cytokine elevation

Answer 33

HIV/AIDS

Question 34

All household members have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle; sufficient food is available on a consistent basis; and the household has resources to obtain appropriate food for a nutritious diet.

Answer 34

Food security

Question 35

Elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals)

Answer 35

Nutrients

Question 36

Proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories

Answer 36

Nutrient density

Question 37

Provide a large number of nutrients in relationship to kilocalories

Answer 37

High-nutrient dense foods

Question 38

Main fuel source for the brain, 4cal/g

Answer 38

Carbohydrates

Question 39

Carbohydrate units

Answer 39

saccharides

Question 40

Monosaccharides and disaccharides; found primarily in sugars

Answer 40

simple carbohydrates

Question 41

A polysaccharide that is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by the human digestive enzymes

Answer 41

Fiber

Question 42

A source of enegy (not primary) 4kcal/g

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

simplest form of protein; made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen)

Answer 43

amino acid

Question 44

not synthesized in the body; must be provided in the diet (histidine, lysine, and phenylalnine)

Answer 44

indispensable amino acids

Question 45

synthesized by the body;alanin, aspargine, glutamic acid

Answer 45

dispensable amino acids

Question 46

contains all essential amino acids in sufficient quantity to support growth and maintain nitrogen balance

Answer 46

high-quality proteins

Question 47

circulate in the blood and are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

Answer 47

triglycerides

Question 48

chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end of the chain and a methyl group at the other

Answer 48

fatty acids

Question 49

Each carbon in the chain has two attached hydrogen atoms

Answer 49

saturated fats

Question 50

an unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and the carbon atoms attach to each other with a double band

Answer 50

unsaturated

Question 51

fatty acid with one double bond

Answer 51

monounsaturated

Question 52

fatty acids with two or more double carbon bonds

Answer 52

polyunsaturated

Question 53

animal fats tend to have high proportions of:

Answer 53

saturated fatty acids

Question 54

vegetable fats have higher amounts of:

Answer 54

unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 55

Water percentage of the body's weight is water

Answer 55

60-70%

Question 56

name four fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 56

A, D, E, and K

Question 57

name two water-soluble vitamins

Answer 57

C and B-complex

Question 58

results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, excessive amounts in fortified foods, and large intake of fish oils

Answer 58

hypervitaminosis

Question 59

Mineral daily requirement is 100 mg or more

Answer 59

macrominerals

Question 60

Mineral requirement is less than 100 mg

Answer 60

trace elements

Question 61

Protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions; essential part of the chemistry of digestion

Answer 61

enzymes

Question 62

wavelike muscular contractions

Answer 62

peristalsis

Question 63

building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients

Answer 63

anabolism

Question 64

oxidized fatty acids; used for energy when dietary carbs are not adequate

Answer 64

ketones

Question 65

catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water

Answer 65

glycogenolysis

Question 66

anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage

Answer 66

glycogenesis

Question 67

catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into glucose for energy

Answer 67

gluconeogenesis

Question 68

.......

Answer 68

EAR (estimated average requirement)