Chapter 46/Bowel Elimination

Question 1

Digestion begins here with mastication

Answer 1

mouth

Question 2

peristalsis moves food from here into stomach

Answer 2

esophagus

Question 3

stores food; mixes food, liquid, and digestive juices; moves food into small intestines

Answer 3

stomach

Question 4

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Answer 4

small intestine

Question 5

primary organ of bowel elimination

Answer 5

large intestine

Question 6

expels feces and flatus from the rectum

Answer 6

anus

Question 7

What are some factors that effect bowel elimination

Answer 7

age, fluid intake, psychological factors, position during defecation, pregnancy, medications, diet, physical activity, personal habits, pain, surgery and anesthesia, diagnostic tests

Question 8

bristol stool form: separate hard lumps like nuts (difficult to pass)

Answer 8

type 1

Question 9

bristol stool form: like a sausage but with cracks on the surface

Answer 9

type 3

Question 10

bristol stool form: sausage shaped but lumpy

Answer 10

type 2

Question 11

bristol stool form: soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passes easily)

Answer 11

type 5

Question 12

bristol stool form: watery, no solid pieces (entirely liquid)

Answer 12

type 7

Question 13

bristol stool form: like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft

Answer 13

type 4

Question 14

bristol stool form: fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool

Answer 14

type 6

Question 15

infrequent stool and/or hard, dry, small stools that are difficult to eliminate

Answer 15

constipation

Question 16

results from unrelieved constipation; a collection of harden feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel

Answer 16

impaction

Question 17

an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces

Answer 17

diarrhea

Question 18

inability to control passage of feces and gas to the anus

Answer 18

incontinence

Question 19

accumulation of gas in the intestines causing the walls to stretch

Answer 19

flatulence

Question 20

dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum

Answer 20

hemorrhoids

Question 21

temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall

Answer 21

stoma

Question 22

surgical opening in the ileum or colon

Answer 22

ileostmy or colostomy

Question 23

the standard bowel diversion creates a ________

Answer 23

stoma

Question 24

this is temporary in the transverse colon

Answer 24

loop colostomy

Question 25

proximal end forms stoma, and distal end is removed or sewn closed

Answer 25

end colostomy

Question 26

bowel is surgically cut, and both ends are brought through the abdomen

Answer 26

double-barrel colostomy

Question 27

continent ileostomy created using the patient's small intestine, changing its cylindrical shape into a spherical reservoir. Has a continent stoma, drained with an external catheter

Answer 27

kock pouch

Question 28

Isolates a 3cm (1.2-inch) flap on the left colon. A Foley is placed on the surface of the flap to create a tubular passage. Enema administration begins 7-10 days after surgery.

Answer 28

Macedo-Malone Antegreade Continence Enema (MACE)

Question 29

A reservoir for wastes that are eliminated from the anus

Answer 29

Ileoanal pouch anatomosis

Question 30

Small intestine forms a pouch, which is emptied several times a day

Answer 30

Kick continent ileostomy

Question 31

Procedure developed for patients who have neuropathic or structural abnormalities of the anus

Answer 31

Macedo-Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE)

Question 32

The instillation of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon; promotes defecation by stimulating peristalsis

Answer 32

enema

Question 33

Name that enema: hypotonic and exerts an osmotic pressure lower than fluid in interstitial spaces; the infused volume stimulates defecation before large amounts of water leave the bowel

Answer 33

tap water

Question 34

Name that enema: exerts the same osmotic pressure as fluids in interstitial spaces surrounding the bowel; stimulates peristalsis

Answer 34

Normal saline

Question 35

Name that enema: infused into the bowel exerts osmotic pressure that pulls fluids out of interstitial spaces, the colon fills with fluid, and the resultant distentions promotes defecation; by design a low volume; contraindicated for dehydration and young infants

Answer 35

hypertonic solutions

Question 36

Name that enema: added to tap water or saline to create the effect of intestinal irritation to stimulate peristalsis

Answer 36

soapsuds

Question 37

Name that enema: lubricate the rectum and colon; the feces become softer and easier to pass; retained for several hours

Answer 37

oil retention

Question 38

Name that enema: provide relief from gaseous distention

Answer 38

carminative

Question 39

contain drugs

Answer 39

medicated; sodium polostyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) used to treat patients with dangerously high serum potassium ions

Question 40

What are the purposes of a nasogastric tube?

Answer 40

decompression, enteral feeding, compression, and lavage

Question 41

Categories of nasogastric (NG) tubes: fine- or small-bore

Answer 41

medication administration and enteral feedings

Question 42

Categories of nasogastric (NG) tubes: large-bore (12-French and above)

Answer 42

gastric decompression or removal of gastric secretions

Question 43

an effective system protects the skin, contains fecal material, remains odor free, and is comfortable and inconspicuou

Answer 43

pouching ostomies

Question 44

What are 4 nutritional considerations for ostomies

Answer 44

consume low fiber for the first weeks eat slowly and chew food completely drink 10-12 glasses of water daily patient may choose to avoid gassy foods