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Fundamentals > Chapter 46/Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Chapter 46/Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion begins here with mastication

A

mouth

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2
Q

peristalsis moves food from here into stomach

A

esophagus

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3
Q

stores food; mixes food, liquid, and digestive juices; moves food into small intestines

A

stomach

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4
Q

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

A

small intestine

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5
Q

primary organ of bowel elimination

A

large intestine

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6
Q

expels feces and flatus from the rectum

A

anus

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7
Q

What are some factors that effect bowel elimination

A

age, fluid intake, psychological factors, position during defecation, pregnancy, medications, diet, physical activity, personal habits, pain, surgery and anesthesia, diagnostic tests

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8
Q

bristol stool form: separate hard lumps like nuts (difficult to pass)

A

type 1

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9
Q

bristol stool form: like a sausage but with cracks on the surface

A

type 3

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10
Q

bristol stool form: sausage shaped but lumpy

A

type 2

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11
Q

bristol stool form: soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passes easily)

A

type 5

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12
Q

bristol stool form: watery, no solid pieces (entirely liquid)

A

type 7

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13
Q

bristol stool form: like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft

A

type 4

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14
Q

bristol stool form: fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool

A

type 6

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15
Q

infrequent stool and/or hard, dry, small stools that are difficult to eliminate

A

constipation

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16
Q

results from unrelieved constipation; a collection of harden feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel

A

impaction

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17
Q

an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

inability to control passage of feces and gas to the anus

A

incontinence

19
Q

accumulation of gas in the intestines causing the walls to stretch

A

flatulence

20
Q

dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum

A

hemorrhoids

21
Q

temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall

A

stoma

22
Q

surgical opening in the ileum or colon

A

ileostmy or colostomy

23
Q

the standard bowel diversion creates a ________

A

stoma

24
Q

this is temporary in the transverse colon

A

loop colostomy

25
Q

proximal end forms stoma, and distal end is removed or sewn closed

A

end colostomy

26
Q

bowel is surgically cut, and both ends are brought through the abdomen

A

double-barrel colostomy

27
Q

continent ileostomy created using the patient’s small intestine, changing its cylindrical shape into a spherical reservoir. Has a continent stoma, drained with an external catheter

A

kock pouch

28
Q

Isolates a 3cm (1.2-inch) flap on the left colon. A Foley is placed on the surface of the flap to create a tubular passage. Enema administration begins 7-10 days after surgery.

A

Macedo-Malone Antegreade Continence Enema (MACE)

29
Q

A reservoir for wastes that are eliminated from the anus

A

Ileoanal pouch anatomosis

30
Q

Small intestine forms a pouch, which is emptied several times a day

A

Kick continent ileostomy

31
Q

Procedure developed for patients who have neuropathic or structural abnormalities of the anus

A

Macedo-Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE)

32
Q

The instillation of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon; promotes defecation by stimulating peristalsis

A

enema

33
Q

Name that enema: hypotonic and exerts an osmotic pressure lower than fluid in interstitial spaces; the infused volume stimulates defecation before large amounts of water leave the bowel

A

tap water

34
Q

Name that enema: exerts the same osmotic pressure as fluids in interstitial spaces surrounding the bowel; stimulates peristalsis

A

Normal saline

35
Q

Name that enema: infused into the bowel exerts osmotic pressure that pulls fluids out of interstitial spaces, the colon fills with fluid, and the resultant distentions promotes defecation; by design a low volume; contraindicated for dehydration and young infants

A

hypertonic solutions

36
Q

Name that enema: added to tap water or saline to create the effect of intestinal irritation to stimulate peristalsis

A

soapsuds

37
Q

Name that enema: lubricate the rectum and colon; the feces become softer and easier to pass; retained for several hours

A

oil retention

38
Q

Name that enema: provide relief from gaseous distention

A

carminative

39
Q

contain drugs

A

medicated; sodium polostyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) used to treat patients with dangerously high serum potassium ions

40
Q

What are the purposes of a nasogastric tube?

A

decompression, enteral feeding, compression, and lavage

41
Q

Categories of nasogastric (NG) tubes: fine- or small-bore

A

medication administration and enteral feedings

42
Q

Categories of nasogastric (NG) tubes: large-bore (12-French and above)

A

gastric decompression or removal of gastric secretions

43
Q

an effective system protects the skin, contains fecal material, remains odor free, and is comfortable and inconspicuou

A

pouching ostomies

44
Q

What are 4 nutritional considerations for ostomies

A

consume low fiber for the first weeks
eat slowly and chew food completely
drink 10-12 glasses of water daily
patient may choose to avoid gassy foods

Fundamentals (11 decks)

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