Chapter 42/Sleep

Question 1

affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines

Answer 1

circadian rhythms

Question 2

frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions

Answer 2

biological rhythm of sleep

Question 3

a sleeper progresses through four stages during a typical 90-minute sleep cycle; sleep becomes increasingly deep;

Answer 3

nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

Question 4

the phase at the end of each sleep cycle

Answer 4

rapid-eye movement sleep

Question 5

stage lasts a few minutes; includes lightest level of sleep; awakened person feels as though daydreaming

Answer 5

Stage 1 NREM

Question 6

stage lasts approximately 15 to 30 minutes; the deepest stage of sleep; vitals signs are significantly lower than during waking hours; very difficult to arouse sleeper

Answer 6

Stage 4 NREM

Question 7

stage lasts about 15 to 30 minutes; involves initial stages of deep sleep; muscles are completely relaxed; vital signs decline but remain regular

Answer 7

Stage 3 NREM

Question 8

stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep begins; duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 minutes; vivid full-color dreaming occurs; fluctuating vitals; very difficult to arouse sleeper

Answer 8

REM

Question 9

stage lasts 10 to 20 minutes; period of sound sleep; relaxation progresses; body functions slow; arousal relatively easy

Answer 9

Stage 2 NREM

Question 10

Name some physical illnesses that can cause pain, physical discomfort, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance (5)

Answer 10

Hypertension
Respiratory disorders
Nocturia
Pain
Restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Question 11

Excessive sleepiness

Answer 11

hypersomnolence

Question 12

the use of electroencephalography (EED), electromyography (EMG), and electro-oculography (EOG) to monitor stages of sleep and wakefulness during nighttime sleep

Answer 12

polysomnogram

Question 13

sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions such as anger, sadness, or laughter; can occur at any time of the day

Answer 13

cataplexy

Question 14

the feeling of being unable to move or talk just before waking or falling asleep

Answer 14

sleep paralysis

Question 15

a symptom that patients experience when they have chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings form sleep, and/or short sleep or nonrestorative sleep

Answer 15

insomnia

Question 16

Name that sleep disorder: adjustment sleep disorder

Answer 16

acute insomnia

Question 17

practices tha a patient associates with sleep

Answer 17

sleep hygiene

Question 18

Name that sleep disorder: muscles or structures of the oral cavity or throat relax during sleep, the upper airway becomes partially blocked, diminishing or stopping air flow for as long as 30 seconds

Answer 18

sleep apnea

Question 19

Name that sleep disorder: childhood behavioral, inadequate sleep hygiene and medical conditions all cause it

Answer 19

insomnia

Question 20

What are some structural causes of OSA?

Answer 20

deviated septum, nasal polyps, certain jaw configurations, larger neck circumference, or enlarged tonsils

Question 21

What are some risk factors for OSA?

Answer 21

obesity, hypertension, smoking, heart failure, type II diabetes, alcohol, family history

Question 22

Name that sleep disorder: sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 22

sleep deprivation

Question 23

a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states

Answer 23

narcolepsy

Question 24

Name that sleep disorder: night terrors, nocturnal enuresis, body rocking

Answer 24

parasomnia

Question 25

sleep problems that are more common in children than adults

Answer 25

parasomnia

Question 26

What are physiological symptoms of sleep deprivation?

Answer 26

blurred vision, fine-motor clumsiness, decreased reflexes, slowed response time, decreased reasoning and judgement, decreased auditory and visual alertness, cardiac arrhythmias

Question 27

What are psychological symptoms of sleep deprivation?

Answer 27

confusion, increased sensitivity to pain, irritable, withdrawn, apathetic, agitated, hyperactive, decreased motivation, excessive sleepiness

Question 28

Name the sleeper: 16 hours a day

Answer 28

neonates

Question 29

Name the sleeper:get about 7 1/2 hours a night

Answer 29

adolescents

Question 30

Name the sleeper: Total 12 hours a day

Answer 30

toddlers

Question 31

Name the sleeper: 8-10 hours at night totaling 15 hours a day

Answer 31

infants

Question 32

Name the sleeper: total number of hours of sleep declines

Answer 32

middle and older adults

Question 33

Name the sleeper: get 6 to 8 1/2 hours

Answer 33

young adults

Question 34

Name the sleeper: get 9 to 10 hours

Answer 34

school age

Question 35

Name the sleeper: 12 hours a night

Answer 35

preschoolers

Question 36

Factors affecting sleep: physical illness

Answer 36

hypertension, respiratory, musculoskeletal, chronic illness, GI, nausea

Question 37

Factors affecting sleep: Lifestyle

Answer 37

work schedule, social activities, routines

Question 38

Factors affecting sleep:emotional stress

Answer 38

worries, physical health, death, losses

Question 39

Factors affecting sleep: exercise and fatigue

Answer 39

moderate exercise and fatigue cause a restful sleep

Question 40

Factors affecting sleep: drugs and substances

Answer 40

hypnotics, diuretics, narcotics, antidepressants, alcohol, caffeine, beta blockers, anticonvulsants

Question 41

Factors affecting sleep: usual sleep patterns

Answer 41

may be disrupted by social activity or work schedule

Question 42

Factors affecting sleep: environment

Answer 42

noise, routines

Question 43

Factors affecting sleep: food and calorie intake

Answer 43

time of day, caffeine, nicotine, alcohol