chapter 49 - exam 3

Question 1

fast pain characteristics

Answer 1

sharp, stabbing, pricking, electric. somewhat localized. felt in skin + superficial structures

Question 2

what fibers are associated with fast pain

Answer 2

type a delta fibers

Question 3

what causes fast pain

Answer 3

mechanical or thermal damage

Question 4

slow pain characteristics

Answer 4

chronic, achy, burning, throbbing, nauseous. occurs in deeper tissues

Question 5

what causes slow pain

Answer 5

mechanical, thermal, or chemical damage

Question 6

what does slow pain activate

Answer 6

RAS system

Question 7

chemical causes of pain

Answer 7

bradykinin, histamine, acids, proteolytic enzymes, substance p, prostaglandins

Question 8

top 3 chemicals that inhibit pain

Answer 8

enkephalin, serotonin, opiates

Question 9

paleospinothalamic tract

Answer 9

slow pain + warmth. triggered by chemical damage. type c fibers

Question 10

paleospinothalamic tract first order neurons

Answer 10

synapse in dorsal horn + release substance p

Question 11

paleospinothalamic tract second order neurons

Answer 11

decussate through anterior commissure of spinal cord

Question 12

where do signals from the paleospinothalamic tract end

Answer 12

brainstem reticular formation + periaqueductal gray region

Question 13

neospinothalmic tract

Answer 13

fast pain + cold. triggered by mechanical or thermal damage. type a delta fibers

Question 14

neospinothalmic tract first order neuron

Answer 14

synapse in dorsal horn + release glutamate

Question 15

neospinothalmic tract second order neurons

Answer 15

decussate in anterior commissure and go up lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 16

neospinothalmic tract third order neurons

Answer 16

in thalamus + send axons to somatosensory area 1

Question 17

intercranial headache causes

Answer 17

meningitis, low CSF pressure, increased intercranial pressure, migraine/vascular, alcohol

Question 18

extracranial headache causes

Answer 18

muscle spasm, sinus inflammation, eye strain, eye tracking issues

Question 19

ischemic pain causes

Answer 19

myocardial infarction + any other infacrtion

Question 20

chemical mechanism causes

Answer 20

rupture of GI tract structure

Question 21

overdistention causes

Answer 21

gas in GI tract, colic

Question 22

spasm/cramping causes

Answer 22

gastroenteritis, menstruation, parturition, constipation, kidney stones, ureteral obstruction, gallbladder

Question 23

parietal pain

Answer 23

sharp, stabbing

Question 24

what fibers carry parietal pain

Answer 24

type a delta fibers

Question 25

parietal pain: localized or non-localized

Answer 25

localized

Question 26

how does parietal pain travel

Answer 26

with nerves of skin/local spinal nerves

Question 27

visceral pain

Answer 27

dull, achy, cramping

Question 28

what fibers carry visceral pain

Answer 28

type c fibers

Question 29

visceral pain: localized or non-localized

Answer 29

non-localized

Question 30

where is visceral pain felt

Answer 30

at a slight distance from damaged tissue

Question 31

where is parietal pain felt

Answer 31

in the area where tissue is damaged

Question 32

what organs are least sensitive to pain stimuli

Answer 32

liver parenchyma, lung alveoli, myocardium, brain tissue

Question 33

what organs are the most sensitive to pain

Answer 33

blood vessels, middle meningeal artery, dural structures, parietal pleura/pericardium/peritoneum, bronchi, ureter

Question 34

What tract does NOT decussate and relays to the same side?

Answer 34

dorsal spinocerebellar

Question 35

what path carries first order neurons

Answer 35

fasciculus cuneatus + gracilis

Question 36

what path decussates in the medulla

Answer 36

fasciculus cuneatus + gracilis

Question 37

what path decussates through the anterior commissure

Answer 37

neospinothalamic + paleospinothalamic tracts

Question 38

what path does not carry info from free nerve endings

Answer 38

spinocerebellar

Question 39

what path detects 2 point discrimination

Answer 39

DCML

Question 40

where is joint rotation interpreted

Answer 40

thalamus