chapter 57 - exam 2

Question 1

where does the flocculonodular lobe receive input from

Answer 1

vestibulocerebellar fiber from vestibular system

Question 2

where does the flocculonodular lobe send motor output fibers

Answer 2

motor to brainstem nuclei for primitive muscle balance

Question 3

where does the vermis receive input from

Answer 3

axial body + inferior vestubular nuclei

Question 4

what spinal tracts are associated with the vermis

Answer 4

Dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts, reticulocerebellar fibers + vestibulocerebellar
fibers

Question 5

where does the vermis send motor output fibers to

Answer 5

fastigial nuclei to medullary + pontine regions of brainstem

Question 6

vermis function

Answer 6

controls equilibrium + postural muscles

Question 7

where do intermediate zones receive input from

Answer 7

appendicular body, limbs

Question 8

what spinal tracts are associated w/the intermediate zone

Answer 8

dorsal + ventral spinocerebellar tracts

Question 9

where does the intermediate zones send motor output to

Answer 9

red nucleus, reticular formation, thalamus, + basal ganglia

Question 10

intermediate zones function

Answer 10

helps adjust timing of motor control of limbs, hands/fingers

Question 11

where do lateral zones receive input from

Answer 11

cerebral cortex

Question 12

what spinal tract is associated with the lateral zones

Answer 12

cortico-pontocerebellar

Question 13

lateral zones function

Answer 13

plan sequential motor movements

Question 14

where does the lateral zones send output fibers to

Answer 14

thalamus to cerebral cortex

Question 15

what are the afferent tracts into the cerebellum

Answer 15

corticopontocerebellar, olivocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar, dorsal spinocerebellar, ventral spinocerebellar

Question 16

corticopontocerebellar tract

Answer 16

motor to premotor cortex + cerebral somatosensory cortex. synapse in pontine nuclei the to opposite side lateral zones

Question 17

olivocerebellar tract

Answer 17

inferior olive to all parts of the cerebellum. uses climbing fibers

Question 18

vestibulocerebellar tract

Answer 18

from vestibular receptors to flocculonodular lobe. from inferior vestibular nuclei to vermis

Question 19

Reticulocerebellar tract

Answer 19

From reticular nuclei to vermis

Question 20

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Answer 20

Unconscious proprioception. Doesn’t decussate

Question 21

Where does dorsal spinocerebellar send info

Answer 21

To vermis + intermediate zones from inferior peduncles

Question 22

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

Answer 22

Motor neurons of anterior horn from superior peduncles

Question 23

Climbing fibers

Answer 23

Communicate with purkinje cells to up/down regulate them when learning a new motor activity/developing new motor pattern

Question 24

Spinal tract associated with climbing fibers

Answer 24

Olivocerebellar tract

Question 25

Mossy fibers

Answer 25

Relay indirectly to purkinje cells via granule cells

Question 26

Deep cerebellar nuclear cells

Answer 26

Discharge for motor output from cerebellum. Excited to increase depolarization the inhibited by purkinje fibers

Question 27

Purkinje cells

Answer 27

Inhibit output from deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 28

Granule cells

Answer 28

Receive incoming signals + connect into the network running parallel in molecular layer

Question 29

Granule cells function

Answer 29

Communicate w/multiple weak synapses to excite purkinje cells

Question 30

Basket cells + stellate cells

Answer 30

Provide lateral inhibition of purkinje cells

Question 31

Vestibulocerebellar system function

Answer 31

Controls equilibrium + posture, especially for rapid motion, changes in direction

Question 32

What structures + nuclei are associated with the vestibulocerebellar system

Answer 32

Flocculonodular lobe + vermis/fastigial nuclei

Question 33

Spinocerebellar system function

Answer 33

Feedback from distal limb movements. Prevents overshoot, dampen movements, control ballistic movement

Question 34

What structures + nuclei are associated with the spinocerebellar system

Answer 34

Intermediate zones + interposed nuclei

Question 35

Cerebrocerebellar system function

Answer 35

Plan sequence time complex movement. Help w/motor imagery, auditory + visual events

Question 36

What structures + nuclei are associated with the cerebrocerebellar system

Answer 36

Lateral zones + dentate nuclei

Question 37

Olivocerebellar system function

Answer 37

Adjust the sensitivity of all output pathways

Question 38

Cells associated with the olivocerebellar system

Answer 38

Olive cells + climbing fibers

Question 39

What are the components of the basal ganglia

Answer 39

Putamen, caudate, globes pallidus interna + externa

Question 40

Basal ganglia function

Answer 40

Change timing + scale of intensity of motor movements

Question 41

What makes up the striate nuclei

Answer 41

Putamen + caudate

Question 42

What makes up the lentiform nuclei

Answer 42

Putamen, globus pallidus interna + externa

Question 43

What is the internal capsule

Answer 43

Space between Putamen + caudate for the large/unmyelinated tracts heading to + from the cortex to pass

Question 44

Anterior limb of internal capsule

Answer 44

For fibers ascending from thalamus to cortex

Question 45

Genu of internal capsule

Answer 45

For corticobulbar fibers

Question 46

Posterior limb of internal capsule

Answer 46

For corticospinal tract, optic, + auditory fibers

Question 47

What are the basal ganglia circuits

Answer 47

Direct putamen, indirect putamen, caudate, + limbic

Question 48

Direct putamen circuit

Answer 48

Increase output to motor cortex to allow motor activity + remove the inhibition of the GP interna on thalamus

Question 49

Indirect putamen circuit

Answer 49

Reinstates inhibition of the GP interna on the thalamus to limit motor activity

Question 50

Caudate circuit

Answer 50

Cognitive control of sequences of motor patterns + helps choose which pattern of motor activity to use

Question 51

Limbic circuit

Answer 51

Motivation system for movement

Question 52

What excitatory NT is used in the basal ganglia

Answer 52

Glutamate, except for premotor cortex neurons to putamen or caudate

Question 53

What inhibitory NT is used in the basal ganglia

Answer 53

GABA, used in brain

Question 54

What is the effect of D1 dopamine receptors

Answer 54

Feeds into direct putamen circuit to increase motor input

Question 55

What is the effect of D2 receptors

Answer 55

Feeds into indirect putamen circuit to decrease intensity of motor output

Question 56

When the direct putamen circuit is NOT activated, what happens

Answer 56

Feeds into indirect putamen circuit to decr