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Physiology 2- PCCF tri 2 > chapter 55- exam 2 > Flashcards

chapter 55- exam 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

type A alpha motor nerve fibers send to

A

skeletal muscle extrafusal fibers

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2
Q

what are type A alpha motor n fibers for

A

muscle contraction

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3
Q

type A gamma motor nerve fibers send to

A

skeletal muscle intrafusal fibers

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4
Q

what are type A gamma motor n fibers for

A

adjust tension on muscle spindle

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5
Q

type B motor n fibers send to

A

smooth m, cardiac m, + glands

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6
Q

type B motor n fibers are for

A

autonomic preganglionic

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7
Q

type C motor n fibers are for

A

autonomic postganglionic

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8
Q

type C motor n fibers send to

A

smooth m, cardiac m, + glands

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9
Q

type Ia/A alpha sensory n fibers send from

A

muscle spindle primary endings

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10
Q

type Ib/A alpha sensory n fibers send from

A

golgi tendon organs

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11
Q

type II/A beta sensory n fibers send from

A

muscle spindle secondary endings, tactile receptors of skin

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12
Q

type III/A delta sensory n fibers send from

A

nociceptors + thermoreceptors

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13
Q

what type of pain is associated with type III/A delta

A

fast pain

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14
Q

what type of pain is associated with type IV/C

A

slow pain

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15
Q

where are cell bodies of sensory pseudounipolar neurons found

A

dorsal root ganglion

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16
Q

where are central processes of sensory neurons found

A

dorsal roots

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17
Q

where are sensory relay neurons (type of interneuron) found

A

dorsal horn neurons

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18
Q

where are alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons, renshaw cells, + interneurons found

A

ventral horn neurons

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19
Q

alpha motor neurons are motor signals to ____ for _____

A

extrafusal muscle fibers; muscle contraction

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20
Q

what kind of receptor is used for alpha motor neurons

A

ACH nicotinic

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21
Q

gamma motor neurons are sent to ____ for _____

A

intrafusal muscle fibers/spindles; adjusting tension /modulate muscle activity/muscle stretch reflex

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22
Q

renshaw cells are for..

A

lateral inhibition to clarify motor signals, focus motor signal, dampen reflexes

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23
Q

where are sympathetic preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) + parasymp preganglionic neurons (S2-S4) found

A

lateral horn/area

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24
Q

where are axon of motor neurons (alpha, gamma, autonomic) found

A

ventral roots

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25
where are interneurons found
throughout gray matter of the cord
26
what is contained in the gray commissure
unmyelinated axons
27
propriospinal fibers
run from one segment to another both ascending + descending the cord
28
what do muscle spindles detect
stretch inside muscles
29
what is the muscle spindle dynamic response
rapid stretch of muscle fibers triggering nuclear bag fibers
30
what does a muscle spindle dynamic response detect
when spindle length is increasing quickly
31
what is muscle spindle static response
slow stretch of muscle fibers triggering nuclear chain fibers
32
what fibers are associated with muscle spindle dynamic response
type Ia/A alpha
33
what fibers are associated with muscle spindle static response
type Ia/A alpha + type II/A beta
34
what do contractile segments do
adjust tension of the spindle
35
what fibers innervate contractile segments
type A gamma motor neurons
36
what happens when a muscle spindle is stretched
the frequency of the impulse increases
37
what do GTOs detect
amount of tension on a tendon
38
what type of fibers carry GTO signals
type Ib/A alpha fibers
39
what causes GTO dynamic response
increase firing rate as rapid changes in tension in the tendon
40
GTO static response
fires at a steady rate proportional to tendon tension
41
what fibers do neurons that carry muscle spindles + GTO signals use
type Ia + Ib/ A alpha
42
where do neurons that carry muscle spindles + GTO signals synapse?
interneurons in the dorsal horn
43
what tract is neurons that carry muscle spindles + GTO signals associated with
dorsal spinocerebellar
44
what sensation activates muscle spindle/stretch reflex
rapid stretch of intrafusal fibers
45
what afferent fibers are used by muscle spindle/stretch reflex
Ia/type A in dorsal horn of spinal cord
46
spinal cord processing of muscle spindle/stretch reflex
monosynaptic
47
what efferent fibers are used by muscle spindle/stretch reflex
alpha motor neurons to extrafusal skeletal muscle
48
what is the response when muscle spindle reflex is activated
contract the muscle that was stretched
49
dampening function of the muscle spindle
50
functions of muscle spindle reflex
oppose changes in muscle length, prevent oscillations, dampen movements of deep back muscles, stabilize body during voluntary "tense action" (RAS system)
51
what sensation activates GTO reflex
stretch/increased tension of tendons
52
what afferent fibers are used by golgi tendon reflex
Ib, type A alpha into dorsal horn
53
spinal cord processing of golgi tendon reflex
2 synapses (3 neurons)
54
what efferent fibers are used by golgi tendon reflex
inhibition of alpha motor neuron
55
what is the response when golgi tendon reflex is activated
relax the muscle that had its tendon stretched
56
functions of golgi tendon reflex
prevents too strong of a muscle contraction, protects tendon from avulsion, equalizes contractile force
57
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
subconscious proprioception from muscle spindles, GTOs, + joint mechanoreceptors
58
dorsal spinocerebellar tract pit stops
synapses is dorsal horn, travels to ipsilateral cerebellum, cerebellum to contralateral cerebral hemisphere
59
what is the fastes tract in the spinal cord
dorsal spinocerebellar (120 m/sec)
60
what sensation activates flexor/withdrawal reflex
cutaneous stimulus, tissue damage, nociception
61
flexor reflex is...
removal of a limb from the stimulus
62
withdrawal reflex is...
shrinking or flexing the body away from the stimulus
63
what afferent fibers are used by flexor/withdrawal reflex
type III/A delta (fast pain)
64
what efferent fibers are used by flexor/withdrawal reflex
alpha motor neurons to multiple muscles
65
spinal cord processing of flexor/withdrawal reflex
involves multiple interneurons, diverging circuits, reciprocal innervations to antagonist/agonist muscles
66
function of flexor/withdrawal reflex
protect tissue/body/limb from more permanent damage
67
what sensation activates crossed extensor reflex
nociception
68
what afferent fibers are used by crossed extensor reflex
type A delta (fast pain)
69
what efferent fibers are used by crossed extensor reflex
type A alpha motor neurons contralateral to stimulus
70
spinal cord processing of crossed extensor reflex
interneurons send axons through gray commisure to opposite ventral horn
71
response of crossed extensor reflex
contraction of extensor muscles on opposite side of the body
72
function of crossed extensor reflex
causes multiple muscles to extend joints to stabilize body + push body away from damaging stimulus (protection)
73
what reflex is mono-synaptic
muscle spindle aka deep tendon aka stretch reflex
74
what reflex causes the contraction of only 1 muscle
muscle spindle reflex
75
what reflex causes the relaxation of only 1 muscle
golgi tendon reflex
76
what reflex involves contraction of a flexor and relaxation of an extensor antagonistic muscle
flexor withdrawal
77
what reflex send fibers through the gray commissure
crossed extensor reflex
78
what reflex(es) are triggered by nociceptive stimulus or carried by type III/A delta fibers
flexor/withdrawal reflex + crossed extensor reflex
79
which reflex is multisynaptic, multilevel, + multi-segmental?
posture + locomotion reflexes
80
which reflex utilizes propriospinal fibers
posture + locomotion reflexes

Physiology 2- PCCF tri 2 (8 decks)

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