Chapter 4A: Classical Conditioning (pptx) Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
A model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli.
It is understood as a three-phase model: before, during, and after conditioning.
What are the key concepts in classical conditioning categorised as?
Stimuli and Responses.
Stimuli refer to any object, environment, or event that precedes an action, while responses refer to actions that follow a stimulus.
What is a Neutral Stimulus (NS)?
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response.
The N in NS stands for neutral, which can also help remember it elicits N for no response.
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response.
An example is touching a hot pan, which naturally produces an unconscious response of flinching away.
What is an Unconditioned Response (UCR)?
A natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus.
What happens during the Before Conditioning phase?
The neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response (NS + UCS -> UCR).
The neutral stimulus should be presented almost immediately before the unconditioned stimulus with a 0.5 second interval.
What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
A stimulus that elicits a response due to it being paired with an** unconditioned stimulus.**
What is a Conditioned Response (CR)?
A response caused by the conditioned stimulus.
What occurs After Conditioning?
The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus after multiple pairings, leading to a conditioned response (CS -> CR).
This means the organism has learned to respond to the conditioned stimulus in the same way they originally responded to the unconditioned stimulus.
What is the significance of Pavlov’s experiments?
The dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with being fed, salivating at the sound of the bell alone.
They salivated each time meat powder was presented and eventually salivated to the sound of the bell.
Fill in the blank: The three phases of classical conditioning are ______, ______, and ______.
before conditioning, during conditioning, after conditioning.
