Chapter 4B: Operant Conditioning (pptx) Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives
What are the three phases of operant conditioning?
- Antecedent
- Behaviour
- Consequence
Define ‘antecedent’ in operant conditioning
A stimulus that causes a voluntary behaviour to occur
Provide an example of an antecedent
Seeing an incoming call from an unknown number flash on your phone screen
Define ‘behaviour’ in operant conditioning
A voluntary action in response to an antecedent
Provide an example of a behaviour
Pressing the ‘answer’ button on your phone
Define ‘consequence’ in operant conditioning
An event following an action that makes it either more or less likely to occur again
Provide an example of a consequence in operant conditioning
Having a conversation with a telemarketer for a product you are not interested in
What are the two categories of consequences in operant conditioning?
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
Define positive reinforcement
When a stimulus is added in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again
Provide an example of positive reinforcement
When a child does the dishes, they receive a lolly as a reward
Define negative reinforcement
When a stimulus is removed in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again
Provide an example of negative reinforcement
If a child does their homework before 8pm, they may be relieved of their chores for that evening
Define positive punishment
When a stimulus is added in order to discourage a behaviour from occurring again
Provide an example of positive punishment
If a child does not do their homework, they may receive a poor grade from their teacher
Define negative punishment (response cost)
When a stimulus is removed in order to discourage a behaviour occurring again
Provide an example of negative punishment
If a child does not do their chores, they may lose their internet privileges
What is a key similarity between operant and classical conditioning?
Both are behaviourist approaches to learning
What is the nature of the response in operant conditioning?
Voluntary and conscious
What is the nature of the response in classical conditioning?
Involuntary and unconscious
How does the learner’s role differ between operant and classical conditioning?
Operant conditioning: Active; Classical conditioning: Passive
What is essential for gaining full marks on operant conditioning questions?
Using distinct terminology such as antecedent, behaviour, and consequence
Fill in the blank: The consequence in operant conditioning occurs ______ the behaviour.
after
Fill in the blank: The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) must be presented ______ seconds after the neutral stimulus (NS) in classical conditioning.
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