Chapter 5 Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Angi/o
A
vessel
2
Q
ather/o
A
fatty substance
3
Q
coron/o
A
heart
4
Q
embol/o
A
plug
5
Q
isch/o
A
to hold back
6
Q
myocardi/o
A
heart muscle
7
Q
Sphygm/o
A
pulse
8
Q
Steth/o
A
chest
9
Q
thromb/o
A
clot
10
Q
Valv/o
Valvul/o
A
Valve
11
Q
Varic/o
A
dilated vein
12
Q
Vascul/o
A
blood vessel
13
Q
vas/o
A
vessel, duct
14
Q
ven/o
A
vein
15
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle
16
Q
-cardia
A
heart condition
17
Q
-manometer
A
instrument to measure pressure
18
Q
-ole
A
small
19
Q
-spasm
A
involuntary muscle contraction
20
Q
-tension
A
pressure
21
Q
-tonic
A
pertaining to tone
22
Q
-ule
A
small
23
Q
Cardiovascular system CV
A
- AKA circulatory system
- Distribution of blood throughout body
-Heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins
1. pulmonary and systemic circulation
24
Q
Systemic circulation
A
- Part of cardiovascular system
- oxygenated blood away from heart to tissues and cells, then back to heart
25
Pulmonary circulation
-Part of cardiovascular system
- between heart and lungs
- deoxygenated blood to lungs and back to heart
26
Anatomy of heart
- made of cardiac muscle fibers
- 4 chambers
- Contract= blood is ejected from heart and pushed to body through vessels
27
Heart layers
- 3 layers
1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Epicardium
28
Endocardium
inner heart layer
-Lines heart chambers
- smooth thin layer
- reduces friction as blood passes thru chambers
29
Myocardium
thick muscular middle layer
- contraction develops pressure required to pump blood thru vessels
30
Epicardium
Outer layer; heart is enclosed w/double layered pleural sac aka pericardium.
31
Pericardium
- Pleural sac
- Epicardium is the visceral pericardium= inner layer of the sac
-Outer layer of sac is Parietal pericardium
-Fluid between layers reduces friction as heart beats
32
Heart chambers
- Divided in 4 chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two
ventricles (lower chambers)
- Interatrial and interventricular septum divides left and right
33
Heart: Atria
Are receiving chambers
- Blood returning to heart via veins first collects in atria
34
Heart: Ventricles
are pumping chambers
- thick myocardium
- contraction ejects blood out of heart and into great arteries
35
Heart valves:
- Four valves that act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow
- Block blood from returning to previous chamber
36
Tricuspid valve:
- Right atrioventricular valve (AV)
- controls opening between right atrium/ventricle
37
Pulmonary valve:
- right semilunar valve
- between right ventricle
and pulmonary artery
- prevents blood ejected into pulmonary artery to return
38
Mitral valve:
-AKA bicuspid valve
- Left atrioventricular valve
- blood flows thru this valve and cannot return into left atrium
39
Aortic valve:
- Left semilunar valve
- Between left ventricle and aorta
40
Blood flow through the Heart
- heart to lungs, where it receives oxygen; then goes back to heart; and then out to body tissues
41
Blood flow step1
1. Deoxygenated blood from body enters relaxed right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava
42
Blood flow step 2
2. Right atrium contracts and blood flows to tricuspid intro relaxed right ventricle
43
Blood flow step 3
3. right ventricle contracts and blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery (takes it to lungs for oxygenation)
44
Blood flow step 4
4. Left atrium receives blood returning to heart after getting oxygen from lungs
Blood enters relaxed left atrium from 4 pulmonary veins
45
Blood flow step 5
5. Left atrium contracts and blood flows thru mitral valve into relaxed left ventricle
46
Blood flow step 6
6. Left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped thru aortic valve and into aorta (biggest artery) which carries blood to all body
47
Diastole
Period of time when chamber is RELAXED
48
Systole
CONTRACTION phase
49
Heartbeat
- Is regulated by autonomic nervous system
- no voluntary control
50
Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #1
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
- AKA pacemaker
- Electrical impulses begin, travels through atria causing systole (contraction)
51
Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #2
2. Atrioventricular node is stimulated
52
Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #3
3. Node transfers stimulation wave to atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
53
Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #4
4. Electrical signal ravels down bundle branches
54
Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #5
5. Purkinje fibers in ventricular myocardium are stimulated = systole
55
Arteries characteristics:
- Large, thick walled vessels
- carry blood away from heart
- As arteries travel through body they branch into progressively smaller vessels; arterioles= deliver blood to capillaries
56
Capillaries characteristics:
- Tiny blood vessels= capillary bed
- very thin, allows diffusion of oxygen and nutrients into tissue
57
Veins characteristics:
- carry blood back to the heart
- thinner walls than arteries
- skeletal muscle helps movement in blood thru veins
58
Blood pressure:
measurement of force exerted by blood against wall of blood vessel
59
Pulse
surge of blood caused by heart contraction (pulse rate = to heart rate)
60
inter-
between
61
stenosis
narowing
62
Infarct
are of tissue within organ or part that undergoes necrosis bc loss of blood supply
63
Ischemia
Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction
64
angina pectoris
condition with severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart
-caused by deficiency of oxygen
