Chapter 5

Question 1

Respiratory system functions

Answer 1

Delivers oxygen to red blood cells and eliminates CO2 from body

Question 2

Sections of respiratory tract

Answer 2

Upper and lower

Question 3

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

For taking air in through mouth
Includes nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses

Question 4

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

For delivering air to lungs
Includes trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lung capillaries

Question 5

Respiratory cavities

Answer 5

Oral cavity and nasal cavity both allow for intake of air, are separated by the palate

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

Respiratory and digestive functions, includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 7

Nasopharynx

Answer 7

Behind the nasal cavity, most superior portion of the pharynx, connects nose and mouth

Question 8

Oropharynx

Answer 8

Posterior to mouth, middle part of pharynx

Question 9

Laryngopharynx

Answer 9

Most inferior part of pharynx, closest to larynx, extends into esophagus

Question 10

Larynx

Answer 10

Home of vocal folds, prevents inhalation of food, produces sound

Question 11

Inspiration

Answer 11

Inhalation

Question 12

Expiration

Answer 12

Exhalation

Question 13

Diaphragm

Answer 13

Regulates air pressure, contracts to create negative pressure and create inhalation, relaxes to restore positive pressure which creates exhalation

Question 14

Path of air after inhalation

Answer 14

Oxygen travels down trachea, into bronchi, through bronchioles, into alveoli

Question 15

Pulmonary arteriole

Answer 15

Brings deoxygenated blood to capillaries in alveoli that exchange CO2 for oxygen

Question 16

Pulmonary venule

Answer 16

Takes oxygenated blood from alveolar capillaries to the heart

Question 17

Nasoscope

Answer 17

Inspects nasal cavity

Question 18

Pharyngoscope

Answer 18

Examines pharynx

Question 19

Arterial blood gas analysis

Answer 19

Procedure done by measuring O2, CO2, and pH in blood sample from an artery

Question 20

Pulmonary angiography

Answer 20

Radiography of blood vessels in lungs after injection of a contrast medium, used to monitor blood clots in the lungs

Question 21

Spirometry

Answer 21

Use of spirometer to measure the amount of air inhaled and exhaled, like a breathalyzer, used for patients with conditions like COPD

Question 22

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 22

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 23

Pulse oximeter

Answer 23

Measures O2 levels, normal is 95-100% oxygen saturation

Question 24

Respiratory diagnostic tests and procedures

Answer 24

Nasoscope, pharyngoscope, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary angiography, spirometry, respiratory rate, pulse oximeter, percussion (tapping), auscultation (listening)

Question 25

Abnormal lung sounds

Answer 25

Rhonchus, wheeze, crackles, friction rub, stridor

Question 26

Rhonchus

Answer 26

Continuous rumbling sound that clears when patient clears their throat

Question 27

Wheeze

Answer 27

Musical noise that sounds like a squeak

Question 28

Crackles

Answer 28

Discontinuous bubbling noises during inspiration that are not cleared when coughing

Question 29

Friction rub

Answer 29

Dry, grating sound, indicative of lung disease, sounds like walking on snow or being underwater

Question 30

Stridor

Answer 30

High pitched musical noise caused by obstruction of trachea or larynx

Question 31

Dyspnea

Answer 31

Difficulty breathing

Question 32

Asphyxia

Answer 32

Insufficient intake of oxygen, means “without a pulse”, physiological result of hypoxia or anoxia

Question 33

Anoxia

Answer 33

Absence or severe decrease of oxygen in body tissues, prevents proper functioning

Question 34

Hypoxia

Answer 34

Oxygen deficiency (less severe than anoxia)

Question 35

Hypercapnia

Answer 35

Too much CO2 in blood (-capnia refers to carbon dioxide)

Question 36

Asthma

Answer 36

Caused by allergens or exercise Antibodies activated by allergen > activation of immune system > contraction of airway Exercise induced asthma may be caused by dehydration of the airway activating similar immune cells

Question 37

Phren(o)

Answer 37

Diaphragm

Question 38

Laryng(o)

Answer 38

Larynx

Question 39

Pneum(o)

Answer 39

Lungs or air

Question 40

Pharyng(o)

Answer 40

Pharynx

Question 41

Phas(o)

Answer 41

Speech

Question 42

Spir(o)

Answer 42

To breathe