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Medical Terminology (PHAR 210) > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of musculoskeletal system

A

Support (form and shape of body), protection of soft body parts, movement, blood cell formation and storage

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2
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Formation of blood cells

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3
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Storage of fats, replaces red bone marrow over time

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4
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of bone, contains both spongey and compact bone

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Provides a smooth surface for joint movement

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6
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the bone

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough outer membrane of bone

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

Beneath the periosteum, for protection and strength

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10
Q

Spongy (trabecular) bone

A

Inner portion of bone, contains both red and yellow bone marrow

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11
Q

5 types of bones

A

Long, short (carpals), irregular (vertebrae), flat (sternum, sesamoid (patella)

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12
Q

Blast(o), blast

A

Embryonic form

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13
Q

Myel(o)

A

Bone marrow or spinal cord

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14
Q

Osse(o)

A

Bone or bony element

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15
Q

Oste(o)

A

Bone

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16
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs

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17
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdle

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18
Q

Skull(CF)

A

Crani(o)

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19
Q

Vertebral (CF)

A

Ranch(i), ranchi(o)

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20
Q

Spinal column (CF)

A

Spin(o)

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21
Q

Vertebrae (CF)

A

Spondyl(o), vertebr(o)

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22
Q

Sternum (CF)

A

Stern(o)

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23
Q

Ribs (CF)

A

Cost(o)

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24
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7, cervic(o)

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25
Thoracic vertebrae
12, thorac(o)
26
Lumbar vertebrae
5, lumb(o)
27
Sacral vertebrae
Sacr(o)
28
Coccygeal vertebrae
Coccyg(o)
29
Clavicle (CF)
Clavicul(o)
30
Scapula
Scapul(o)
31
Humerus (CF)
Humer(o)
32
Radius (CF)
Radi(o)
33
Ulna (CF)
Ulno(o)
34
Femur (CF)
Femor(o)
35
Patella (CF)
Patell(o)
36
Tibia (CF)
Tibi(o)
37
Fibula (CF)
Fibul(o)
38
Phalanx(CF)
Phalang(o)
39
Metacarpals (CF)
Metacarp(o)
40
Carpus (CF)
Wrist, carp(o)
41
Tarsus (CF)
Ankle, tars(o)
42
Metatars(o)
Metatarsals
43
Tendons
Bands of strong fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bone
44
Ligaments
Connect bones or cartilage, serve to support and strengthen joints
45
Cartilage
Elastic connective tissue which usually becomes bone as it matures, also acts as shock absorber where bones meet
46
Joint (articulation)
Union between two or more bones, contains cartilage
47
48
Fibrous joints
Immovable
49
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable
50
Synovial joints
Freely movable
51
Bursa
Sacs filled with synovial fluid that help reduce friction between tissues
52
Synovial membrane
Line the bursa and secretes synovial fluid
53
Synovial fluid
Lubricates joints
54
Joint(CF)
Arthr(o), articul(o)
55
Bursa (CF)
Burs(o)
56
Cartilage (CF)
Chrondr(o)
57
Synovial membrane
Synov(o), synovi(o)
58
Tendon (CF)
Ten(o), tend(o), tendin(o)
59
Skeletal muscle
Long, striated, voluntary movement
60
Visceral muscle
Smooth, involuntary, organs
61
Cardiac muscle
Primary muscle of heart, cylindrical, striated
62
Fascia
Fasci(o), fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles
63
Musculoskeletal diagnostic tests
Range of motion, muscle strength, reflex action
64
Bone marrow exam
Test for blood diseases
65
Lumbar puncture
Spinal tap, aspiration of blood, pus, injection of drugs
66
Arthrocentesis
Removing fluid, obtaining synovial fluid, administering medications, diagnosing joint diseases
67
Arthroscopy
Use of arthroscope to visualize inside of a joint for surgery
68
Ankyl(o)
Stiff
69
Scler(o)
Hard
70
Troph(o)
Nutrition
71
-asthenia
Weakness
72
-sarcoma
Rare malignant tumor from connective tissue
73
Muscle pain
Myalgia, myodynia
74
Four categories of musculoskeletal injuries
Strains, sprains, dislocations, fractures
75
Strains
Damage to muscles or tendons
76
Sprains
Damage to ligaments around a joint
77
Dislocation
Displacement of bone from a joint
78
Fracture
Break in a bone
79
Impacted fracture
One bone fragment driven into the fractured end of another
80
Comminuted fracture
Bone broken into many small fragments
81
Spiral fracture
Bone twisted apart
82
Transverse fracture
Break in bone is at right angle to axis of bone
83
Atrophy
Decrease in size of organ or tissue, can happen due to immobilization of a limb
84
Calcipenia
Insufficient calcium absorption
85
Osteoporosis
Bone becomes less dense
86
Osteosclerosis
Bone becomes more dense
87
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine, congenital
88
Polydactylism
Extra digits, congenital
89
Syndactalism
Webbing between digits, congenital
90
Muscular dystrophy
Muscles are weak and waste away
91
Arthritis
Inflammation in joints
92
Osteoarthritis
Wearing down of cartilage around end of bones at the joint
93
Rheumatoid arthritis
Very destructive to joints, causes deformities, most common arthritis
94
Lupus erythrematosis
Butterfly rash, autoimmune disease that causes inflammation throughout body, leads to arthralgia
95
Gout
Insufficient uric acid metabolism, crystals develop in joints, swelling and joint pain
96
Lyme disease
Can cause arthritis and heart problems if not treated quickly
97
Polymyalgia
Pain in many muscles from inflammation, treatable
98
Fibromyalgia
Widespread non-articular pain from malfunctioning nerves, not treatable
99
Myofibrosis
Muscle tissue replaced with fibrous tissue
100
Myasthenia gravis
Disease of Fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from defect in nerve impulse conduction (auto-immune)
101
-clasia
Break
102
-desis
Binding, fusion
103
-plasty
Surgical repair
104
-ectomy
Exision of
105
-tomy
Incision of
106
-rrhaphy
Suture

Medical Terminology (PHAR 210) (16 decks)

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