Chapter 7&8 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Primary functions of urinary system
A
Maintaining homeostasis by blood filtration, maintaining proper balance of water, salts, and other substances by removal and reabsorption, maintaining blood pH and excreting waste products via urine
2
Q
Secondary functions of urinary system
A
Production of renin, erythropoietin, and prostaglandins
Defrauding insulin and metabolism of vitamin D
3
Q
Components of urinary system
A
Kidneys, ureters (KUB), bladder, urethra, urinary meatus (site of urine excretion to outside)
4
Q
Kidney functions
A
Filter blood, remove/reabsorb nutrients, excrete waste
5
Q
Ureters
A
Carry filtered blood to urinary bladder
6
Q
Bladder
A
Highly muscular reservoir for urine
7
Q
Urethra
A
Path from ureter to urinary meatus
8
Q
Urinary meatus
A
Hole that urine is expelled from
9
Q
Kidney word building
A
Nephr(o), ren(o)
10
Q
Ureters (CF)
A
Ureter(o)
11
Q
Bladder (CF)
A
Vesic(o) (also blister), cyst(o) (also means cyst)
12
Q
Urethra (CF)
A
Urethr(o)
13
Q
Urine, urinary tract (CF)
A
Ur(o)
14
Q
Urine (CF)
A
Urin(o)
15
Q
Urine or urination (suffix)
A
-uria
16
Q
Organs of reproduction (CF)
A
Genit(o)
17
Q
Genitals or reproduction (CF)
A
Genitals or reproduction
18
Q
Rectum (CF)
A
Rect(o)
19
Q
Nephrons
A
Functional unit of kidney, about a million nephrons in each kidney
20
Q
Glomerulus
A
Filter water and small particles such as ions and urea from blood
21
Q
Tubules
A
Reabsorb water, ions, and nutrients, maintain blood pH, remove toxins from blood
22
Q
Loop of Henle
A
Made of tubules
23
Q
Vasculature
A
Large network of blood vessels that carry blood to be filtered
24
Q
Collecting duct
A
Moves urine to ureters
25
Physical assessment of KUB
Abdominal inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion
26
Glomerular filtration rate
The measurement of the amount or volume of liquid filtered by the kidneys, decreases with age and in individuals with high blood pressure or diabetes
27
Electromyography (for urinary system)
Tests strength of muscles involved in urination
28
Main components of urine
Urea, creatinine, salts, water
29
Not normal in urine
Sugar, ketones, blood, albumin, most proteins
30
Glycosuria
Sugar in urine, smells sweet
31
Ketonuria
Ketones in urine, may be an indicator of ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes)
32
Hematuria
Blood in urine
33
Albuminuria
Albumin in urine
34
Proteinuria
Proteins in urine
35
Uropathy
Any disease of urinary tract
Includes: inflammation due to infection (cystitis, urethritis), obstruction (dysuria, hydronephrosis), STIs
36
Hydronephrosis
Swelling due to nephrolithiasis (kidney stone)
37
Incontinence
Inability to control urination
38
Anuria
Near a sense of urine production, less than 100mL per day
39
Oliguria
Less urine excretion than normal, less than 500mL per day
40
Renal transplant
Kidney transplant
41
Cystectomy
Surgical excision of bladder
42
Nephr(o)/ureter(o)/cyst(o) - lith(o) - tomy
Surgical removal of stones
43
Catheters
Inserted into urethra to the bladder
44
Diuretics
Drugs used to increase water excretion
45
Ovaries
Produce oocytes and some reproductive hormones
46
Fallopian tubes
Tunnel for the ova from the ovaries to the ovaries to the uterus
47
Cervix
Path for baby to pass through during childbirth
48
Uterus
Holds and nurtures developing fetus
49
Vagina
Connects to the cervix, important for intercourse and menstruation
50
Ovaries (CF)
Oophor(o), ovari(o)
51
Fallopian tubes (CF)
Salping(o)
52
Uterus (CF)
Hyster(o), uter(o)
53
Vagina (CF)
colp(o), vagin(o)
54
Uterine cervix neck (CF)
cervic(o)
55
Vulva (CF)
Vulv(o)
56
Month (CF)
Men(o)
57
Abdominal wall (CF)
Lapar(o)
58
Egg, ovum (CF)
O(o)
59
Place or position (CF)
Top(o)
60
That which stimulates (suffix)
-tropin
61
Belonging or pertaining to (suffix)
-an, -ile
62
Metr(o)
Measure; uterine tissue
63
Gynecology
Medical specialty that treats diseases of female reproductive organs
64
Female reproductive diagnostic tests and procedures
Gynecology, physical assessment, colposcopy, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, endometrial biopsies, papanicolaou smear
65
Endometrial biopsies
To check for cancer, evaluate fertility, diagnose abnormal bleeding
66
Papanicolaou smear
Detects cervical cancer
67
Menorrhea
Heavy bleeding during menstruation
68
Premenstrual syndrome
Bloating, headaches, mood swings
69
Polycystic ovary syndrome
PCOS, cysts on ovaries that cause infertility, caused by hormonal disturbance
70
Ectopic pregnancy
Fetus develops outside uterus, treated with methotrexate if caught early or with surgery
71
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, pain, scarring, infertility, diagnosed via laparoscopy
72
Hormone replacement therapy
Treatment with hormones when the body stops making enough, usually in menopause
73
Hysterectomy
Removal of uterus
74
Colpoplasty
Vaginal reconstruction or repair
75
Oophoropexy
Fixation of ovaries prone to twisting
76
Tubal ligation
Getting tubes tied
77
Salpingectomy
Removal of uterine tubes
78
Salpingostomy
Creating a new opening into uterine tube
79
Menorrea
Heavy bleeding during menstruation
80
Premenstrual syndrome
Mood swings, headaches, bloating
81
Polycystic ovary syndrome
PCOS, cysts on ovaries that cause infertility, caused by hormonal disturbance
82
Ectopic pregnancy
Fetus develops outside uterus, methotrexate taken if caught early, otherwise treated by surgery
83
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, pain, scarring, infertility, diagnosed via laparoscopy
84
Testes
Male gonads, produces sperm, site of spermatogenesis
85
Glans penis
Tip
86
Epididymis
Coiled tube behind testicle that stores and transports sperm
87
Testes (CF)
Orchi(o), orchid(o), test(o), testicul(o)
88
Penis (CF)
Pen(o)
89
Prostate (CF)
Prostat(o)
90
Scrotum (CF)
Strot(o)
91
Ductus/vas deferens (CF)
Vas(o)
92
Epididymis
Epididym(o)
93
Glans penis (CF)
Balan(o)
94
Semen (CF)
Semin(o)
95
Spermatozoa (CF)
Sperm(o), spermat(o)
96
Urethra (CF)
Urethr(o)
97
Physical assessment for male reproductive organs
Inspection of internal genitalia, palpation for inguinal hernias (intestine bulges through weakened abdominal wall), digital rectal examination to assess prostate and rectum
98
99
Prostate-specific antigen test
Blood test for prostate cancer
100
Prostate biopsy
Remove tissue from prostate for testing for prostate cancer
101
Sperm count
Tests sperm number, appearance, and motility
102
Urology
Specializes in urinary tract and includes male reproductive structures
103
Cryptorchidism
Failure of testes to descend into scrotum
104
Orchiopathy
Disease of testes
105
Aspermia
Absence of living sperm
106
Hydrocele
Fluid around testes
107
Spermatocele
Abnormal mass in epididymis that contains sperm
108
Varicolele
Abnormal dilated veins above the testes
109
Testicular torsion
Painful twisting of testes
110
Orchiectomy
Excision of the testis (for testicular cancer)
111
Circumcision
Surgical removal of foreskin of penis or prepuce
112
Vasectomy
Surgical removal of vas deferens
113
Transurethral resection prostatectomy
Procedure performed through the urethra to remove small pieces of an enlarged prostate
114
Gonads
Produce gametes (ovum and spermatozoon)
115
Fertilization
Union of gametes produces a zygote
116
Reproduction
1. After ovulation, fimbriae take up ovum from ovaries, sperm makes its way into fallopian tube
2. Fertilization in the
