Chapter 6 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Digestive system major functions
Ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste
Accessory digestive functions
Production and storage of secretions for chemical breakdown of food, filtration of blood, storage of nutrients, synthesis of plasma proteins, regulation of blood glucose levels
Aliment
Food, nutrition
Components of digestive system
Upper GI tract, lower GI tract, accessory organs
Upper GI tract
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
Lower GI tract
Small and large intestines
Accessory glands
Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Small intestine
Primary site of nutrient absorption
Large intestine
Absorbs water and site of waste movement
Digestive pathway
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
Ingestion
Orally taking in substances
Digestion
Both mechanical and chemical, conversion of food into substances the GI tract absorbs
Absorption
Passage of simple molecules from small intestine to blood or lymph
Elimination
Removal of undigested food particles
Path of food/nutrients
Mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine (enzymes from pancreas and bile from liver and gallbladder help with digestion here) > large intestine > rectum > Anus
Sections of small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Microbiome
Whole genomes of all gut microorganisms and their products
Microbiota
All microorganisms that live in the gut, can contribute to disease and treatment
Human microbiome project
2007 to present, what microbiota exist in the healthy gut? How does the microbiome change in patients with disease? How do proteins and metabolites within the host change with these different microbiota? Looks at changes related to type 2 diabetes, pregnancy, obesity
Anorexia
An- without, orexis means appetite, -ia means condition
Bulimia
Purging following eating
Obesity
Disorder involving excessive body fat
Polyphagia
Excessive hunger/eating
Aphagia
Inability or refusal to swallow
