Chapter 5 Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is the role of working memory on reading processing
Strong readers have strong working memories
what did George Miller contributed to STM.
Digit Span: number of digits person can remember; average capacity is 5-9
Chunking: small units can be combined into larger meaningful units.
name the structure components of memory
- info enters sensory memory. 2. focus on specific info and it enters short term memory. 3. Rehearse info to keep in short term memory. 4. memorize info to store in long term memory 5. retrieve number from long term memory.
What is the emphasis of working memory.
Short term memory is concerned with storing information for a brief period of time, whereas working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information that occurs during complex cognition. Working memory deals with active processing.
how is the central executive is involved in working memory.
makes working memory “work” control center of working memory
attention controller: decides how attention is focused on a specific task, divided between 2 tasks, and how it’s switched between tasks
coordinates how information is used by the phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad
what is sensory memory and give an example it.
retention for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation. Ex. the trail left by a moving sparkler and the experience of seeing a film.
Baddeley’s Model of working memory.
phonological loop: consists of phonological store (holds info for only a few seconds), and the articulatory rehearsal process( responsible for rehearsal that prevents information in the store from decaying)
Visuospatial sketch pad: holds visual and spatial information
central executive: pulls information from LTM and coordinates activity of the phonological loop and the sketch pad.
how does working memory differ from short term memory.
STM: storage, involved in the transfer of information to and from LTM
WM: processing, manipulation of information for complex tasks
what are the difficulties of having short term memory problems.
Inability to remember recent events. planning and organizing become difficult.
name the learning activities working memory is involved in.
Comprehension, learning, and reasoning.
persistence of vision
the continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it’s not longer there. Persistence lasts for a fraction of a second
how can chunking improve STM.
chunking in term of meaning increases our ability to hold information in STM.
Chunking enables the limited- capacity STM system to deal with the large amount of information involved in everyday tasks.
What happens if the prefrontal cortex is removed?
working memory doesn’t work as well. Delayed-response task- required monkeys to hold information in working memory for delayed periods. when their prefrontal cortex was removed, their performance dropped.
