Quizzes Flashcards
(42 cards)
Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?
the visuospatial sketch pad
A task with the instructions “Read the following words while repeating ‘the, the, the’ out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember” would most likely be studying
articulatory suppression.
Which of the following is NOT influenced by meaning? The lexical decision task Word superiority effect Phonemic restoration effect Word frequency effect
Phonemic restoration effect
Imagine you are interpreting a pair of sentences such as “The sidewalk was covered with ice” and “Dr. Wadlington fell down.” The kind of inference we use to like these sentences together would most likely be a(n) inference.
Causal
The interactionist approach to parsing states that
semantics is activated as a sentence is being read.
Coherence refers to the
representation of the text in a reader’s mind, so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text.
people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people, objects, locations, and events according to the:
situation model of text processing,
Yoda, a central character of the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas, has a distinctive way of speaking. His statement, “Afraid you will be,” violates which property of the English language?
Languge has a structure that is governed by rules
The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more
slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words.
In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to
decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word.
Students, beware! Research shows that does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.
highlighting
Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on
The physical features of the word
Katie and Inez are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00 - 11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances?
Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.
Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that
when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.
Bransford and Johnson’s study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of in forming reliable long-term memories.
an organizational context during learning
Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?
- Even though Walt hasn’t been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family.
- Last night, at the grocery store, Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago. He recognized her right away.
- Although Emily doesn’t very often think about her first love, Steve, she can’t help getting caught up in happy memories when “their song” (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.
- Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes. To combat this, she tries to relax when she studies. She thinks it’s best to study while lying in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing.
Although Emily doesn’t very often think about her first love, Steve, she can’t help getting caught up in happy memories when “their song” (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.
Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of in LTM.
retrieval cues
__________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.
Retrieval
___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.
Consolidation
Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like “the bicycle was blue, with high handlebars and a racing seat”) rather than a simple sentence (like “he rode the bicycle”). This probably occurs because the complex sentence
Creates more connections.
This multiple choice question is an example of a test.
Recognition
__________ memories are those that we are not aware of.
Implicit
In the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray’s character grows frustrated as he experiences the same day in his life over and over again. With each “passing” day, he is able to respond to people’s actions more and more quickly because of
Repetition priming.
The following statement represents what kind of memory? “The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s.”
Procedural
Semantic
Implicit
Episodic
Semantic
