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Psych > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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2
Q

The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth

A

Fetus

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3
Q

Monster maker agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

A

Teratogens

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4
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities and children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. Severe cases= symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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5
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants game familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus their interest wanes and they look away sooner

A

Habituation

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6
Q

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively influenced by experience

A

Maturation

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7
Q

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

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8
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

A

Schema

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9
Q

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

Assimilation

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10
Q

Adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

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11
Q

In Piaget’s Siri, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

A

Sensorimotor

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12
Q

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

A

Object permanence

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13
Q

it’s very, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

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14
Q

In Piaget’s Siri, stage one child learns to use language, but doesn’t comprehend logic

A

Preoperational stage

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15
Q

Principle that property such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the form of objects

A

Conservation

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16
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

A

Developmental psychology

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17
Q

Peoples ideas about their own and mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

A

Theory of mind

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18
Q

In Piaget’s Siri, stage of cognitive development when children gain ability to think logically about concrete events

A

Concrete operational stage

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19
Q

In piagets theory, stage of cognitive development when people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

A

Formal operational state

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20
Q

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about eight months of age

A

Stranger anxiety

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21
Q

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

A

Attachment

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22
Q

And optimal period Early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

A

Critical period

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23
Q

Processes by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

A

Imprinting

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24
Q

According to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

A

Basic trust

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25
Q

Our understanding and evaluation of who we are

A

Self- concept

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26
Q

The transition period From childhood to adulthood and extending from puberty to independence.

A

Adolescents

27
Q

The period of sexual much ration during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

A

Puberty

28
Q

The body structures (ovaries, testis, and external genetalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

A

Primary sex characteristics

29
Q

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips mail voice quality and body hair

A

Secondary sex characteristics

30
Q

The first menstrual period

A

Menarche

LINKED WITH PUBERTY

31
Q

Our sense of self; according to Ericsson the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

A

Identity

32
Q

The “we” aspect of our self consent; the part of our answer to “Who am I” that comes from group memberships

A

Social identity

33
Q

In Ericksons theory the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood

A

Intimacy

34
Q

For some in modern culture is a period from late teens to mid 20s bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

A

Emerging adulthood

35
Q

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

A

Menopause

36
Q

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

A

Cross-sectional study

37
Q

Research in which the same people are restudied and retested overlong period

A

Longitudinal study

38
Q

The culturally preferred timing of social event such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

A

Social clock

39
Q

Overestimating the extent to which others share our opinions or perspectives

A

Curse of knowledge

40
Q

Play comfortably in their mothers presents with much exploration

A

Secure attachment

41
Q

Shown by anxiety or avoidance of trusting relationships

A

Insecure attachment

42
Q

Use it or lose it

A

Pruning

43
Q

Piaget’s flaws

A

He didn’t see development as continuous

44
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A

ZEF; zygote embryo fetus

Embryo- heart starts beating

45
Q

Voice recognition

A

Infants of mom; day after birth

46
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Cheek= nipple

47
Q

Neural networks in kids

A

Ages 3-6; grow most in frontal lobes

48
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Inability to remember until age 3 due to lack of neural connections

49
Q

Autism

A

Impaired theory of mind

50
Q

Aspergillosis syndrome

A

Normal intelligence; +1 skill; below social intelligence

51
Q

Vygotsky

A

Inner speech is helpful in problem solving

52
Q

Contact comfort

A

Harlow; we like our moms cause they touch us and they’re comfy

53
Q

Strange situation

A

Studied attachment styles
Ainsworth
Put them in a ss

54
Q

Father involvement

A

Involvement= better in school achievement

55
Q

Day care impact

A

Higher language and thinking skills, also aggression

56
Q

Temperament

A

Inborn emotional traits

57
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of changes in an organism caused by change in the gene expression rather then the genetic code itself

58
Q

Haidt intuition

A

Gut feelings are correct

59
Q

Ericksons stages

A 
Infancy (trust) 
Adolescence (identity) 
Late adulthood (despair vs integrity)
60
Q

Physical peak

A

Early adulthood

61
Q

Male to female ratio

A

Decreases during prenatal development

62
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Not enough acetocholine

63
Q

Death-deferral

A

When someone is likely to wait to die until after a holiday

64
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Older people who exercise can regrow brain connections

Psych (13 decks)

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