Chapter 5

Question 1

most superficial layer of skin, avascular, made of epithelial tissue. consists of 5 layers

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

most superficial layer of epidermis, 20-30 layers of dead squamous cells

Answer 2

stratum corneum

Question 3

single layer of cells on top of the dermis, constantly divides and produces new cells.

Answer 3

stratum basale

Question 4

second layer within skin, composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 4

dermis

Question 5

Lies below dermis, not part of skin, contains loose CT and adipose, attaches skin to muscle and bone

Answer 5

hypodermis

Question 6

underneath the skin

Answer 6

subcutaneous

Question 7

special dendritic cells in stratum basale, phagocytize microbes

Answer 7

langerhan cells

Question 8

produce melanin, responsible for skin colour

Answer 8

melanocytes

Question 9

produce and store thick waterproof protein called keratin

Answer 9

keratinocytes

Question 10

new cells with keratin, push old cells to surface. produce layer of hard dead cells.

Answer 10

keratinization

Question 11

autoimmune disease, immune cells trigger epidermis to divide too quickly.

Answer 11

psoriasis

Question 12

thickened area of stratum corneum, forms when exposed to frequent friction

Answer 12

callus

Question 13

when stratum corneum thickens over bony prominence

Answer 13

corn

Question 14

upper part of the dermis, projections, contain blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles

Answer 14

dermal papilae

Question 15

Develop when there is constant pressure on single area of skin, blood supply to dermis is blocked

Answer 15

debcubitus ulcers

Question 16

Types of injections

Answer 16

subcutaenous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous

Question 17

absence of melanin due to genetics

Answer 17

Albinism

Question 18

yellow-orange pigment, fat soluble, collects in lipids of stratum corneum

Answer 18

carotene

Question 19

blue colour due to low oxygen or blockage of blood vessels

Answer 19

cyanosis

Question 20

patches of depigmentation, melanocytes die or are unable to function

Answer 20

vitiligo

Question 21

excessive hairiness in women

Answer 21

hirsutism

Question 22

sweat glands, two subtypes, present in all regions of skin except nipples and parts of genitalia.

Answer 22

sudoriferous

Question 23

numerous in palms and soles. sweat is mostly water, helps lower body temperature

Answer 23

eccrine sweat glands

Question 24

inactive until puberty, contain sweat and secretion rich in organic substances. source of body odour

Answer 24

apocrine glands

Question 25

associated with hair follicle, produce oil or sebum, lubricates skin, hair.

Answer 25

sebaceous glands

Question 26

hair thinning and baldness

Answer 26

alpoecia

Question 27

hair follicles attacked by immune system

Answer 27

alopecia areata

Question 28

hormonal balding, male pattern baldness

Answer 28

androgenic alopecia

Question 29

fast flowing sebum, overactive sebaceous glands

Answer 29

sebhorrea

Question 30

most common type of skin cancer, cells in stratum basale affected, rarely metastasize and 95% easily cured

Answer 30

basal cell carcinoma

Question 31

cells above stratum basale affected, sometimes metastasizes, kills 1% of cases, warts and scabs

Answer 31

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 32

Arises from melanocytes in mole, very deadly unless caught early

Answer 32

maligant melanoma

Question 33

form of skin cancer commonly found in people with weak immune systems

Answer 33

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 34

damage only epidermis, mild pain and erythema, no blisters. heals within 3-6 days

Answer 34

first degree burn

Question 35

destroys epidermis and part of upper dermis, redness, pain, edema, blisters. epidermis seperates, 3-4 weeks

Answer 35

second degree burn

Question 36

destroys epidermis and dermis, most skin functions lost. burned areas are marble white or charred

Answer 36

third degree burn

Question 37

destroys tissues down to the bone, very unlikely to survive.

Answer 37

fourth degree burn

Question 38

body temperature below normal, uncontrolled shivering, pulse slows

Answer 38

hypothermia

Question 39

body temperature above normal, heat exhaustion and heat stroke

Answer 39

hyperthermia

Question 40

cytokine, mediators of inflammation after injury

Answer 40

histamine

Question 41

redness of skin

Answer 41

erythema

Question 42

swelling of skin

Answer 42

edema

Question 43

dried clot

Answer 43

scab

Question 44

dead white blood cells, other cells, fluid

Answer 44

pus