Chapter 9

Question 1

All begin with a stimulus, physical or chemical.
Sensory receptor converts stimulus to a change in resting potential
Signals (action potentials) are sent to the CNS
Unconsciously or consciously perceived.

Answer 1

Sensory Pathway

Question 2

Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors 
Chemoreceptors 
Photoreceptors

Answer 2

Types of Sensory Receptors

Question 3

mechanoreceptors involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, tell us limb positions

Answer 3

Proprioceptors

Question 4

receptors in skin and skeletal muscles. Respond to mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical damage

Answer 4

Somatic Nociceptors

Question 5

Respond to excessive stretching of internal organs (stomach too full), oxygen deprivation, and chemicals (prostaglandins) released by damaged tissues. Deep Receptors

Answer 5

Visceral nociceptors

Question 6

Pain originates at different point than actual source (heart attack)

Answer 6

referred pain

Question 7

Somatic pain receptors are on _____ nerve pathway(s) as visceral pain receptors.

Answer 7

same

Question 8

oval structures on tongue papillae, pharynx, palate, epiglottis.

Answer 8

taste buds

Question 9

5 flavors taste buds can detect.

Answer 9

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Question 10

What cranial nerves send taste signals

Answer 10

Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X

Question 11

Sense of smell

Answer 11

olfication

Question 12

Specialized cells (modified neurons) with cilia lie on roof of _____

Answer 12

nasal cavity

Question 13

Odors dissolve in _____ and bind to specific receptors on cilia.

Answer 13

mucus

Question 14

1000 different types of ______ that can detect at least 10,000 smells.

Answer 14

olfactory receptors

Question 15

humans can detect how many smells?

Answer 15

10,000

Question 16

Sense of taste is called?

Answer 16

Gustation

Question 17

Total number of receptors in human is

Answer 17

6 million

Question 18

What cranial nerve goes to the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

Cranial Nerve I

Question 19

What system does olfaction have direct connections to?

Answer 19

limbic system for emotion and memory

Question 20

Outer layer of eye, white and fibrous except for transparent cornea region in front of eye (window)

Answer 20

sclera

Question 21

Middle, vascular layer. Becomes iris in the front which regulates the pupil size.

Answer 21

Choroid

Question 22

Inner layer - with photoreceptors. Covers the posterior portion of the eye.

Answer 22

retina

Question 23

Detect light

Answer 23

rod cells

Question 24

detect color and are important in fine/ high resolution vision

Answer 24

cone cells

Question 25

attached to ciliary body, divides eye into anterior and posterior compartments

Answer 25

lens

Question 26

In front of lens – filled w/ aqueous humor. Provide nutrients for eye surface, holds lens in place

Answer 26

anterior compartment

Question 27

filled with vitreous humor, contains retina. Holds retina in place.

Answer 27

posterior compartment

Question 28

What is the function of the eye

Answer 28

sensory receptor, focuses light on light sensitive surface. opening can be adjusted to change amount of light

Question 29

Where is the light appropriately focused on the eye

Answer 29

retina

Question 30

What is the function of the vitreous humour

Answer 30

keeps eyeball in place

Question 31

What disease occurs when there is too much aqueous humor

Answer 31

Glaucoma

Question 32

What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscle when objects are viewed up close?

Answer 32

Ciliary muscle contracts and rounds the lens when viewing close up objects (accomodation)

Question 33

pinna, auditory canal, produce ear wax

Answer 33

outer ear

Question 34

begins at tympanic membrane and ends at body wall containing two small openings covered by membranes

Answer 34

middle ear

Question 35

Semicircular canals and vestibule.

Answer 35

inner ear

Question 36

Where is there fluid located normally in the ear?

Answer 36

Inner ear

Question 37

Where is air located normally in the ear>

Answer 37

Outer and middle ear

Question 38

What is the purpose of semicircular canals?

Answer 38

detect rotational and angular movements of head

Question 39

What is the purpose of the vestibule

Answer 39

detect lineral movement of the head in any direction.

Question 40

What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscle when objects are viewed far away

Answer 40

Ciliary muscle relaxes when viewing | distant objects

Question 41

Sensory receptor for pressure and movement

Answer 41

Mechanoreceptors

Question 42

Sensory receptor for temperature

Answer 42

Thermoreceptors

Question 43

Sensory receptor for pain

Answer 43

Nociceptors

Question 44

Sensory receptor for chemicals

Answer 44

Chemoreceptors

Question 45

Sensory receptor for light

Answer 45

Photoreceptors

Question 46

Cones are primarily located in the

Answer 46

fovea centralis

Question 47

Point of clearest vision on retina

Answer 47

Macula lutea

Question 48

Area of greatest visual acuity, lots of cones

Answer 48

fovea centralis

Question 49

Nearsightedness, rays focus in front of retina

Answer 49

myopia

Question 50

farsightedness, rays focus behind retina

Answer 50

hyperopia

Question 51

Uneven cornea, rays don't focus evenly

Answer 51

astigmatism

Question 52

in rods a chemical change in _____ leads to nerve impulses

Answer 52

rhodopsin

Question 53

Rods are important for

Answer 53

peripheral and night vision

Question 54

Which vitamin helps make rhodopsin components

Answer 54

Vitamin A

Question 55

Cones allow us to detect

Answer 55

fine detail and color

Question 56

Color vision depends on three different | cones containing pigments called

Answer 56

B (blue) R (red) G (green)

Question 57

where optic nerve exits the retina, no rods and cones here.

Answer 57

optic disc

Question 58

Inside the _____ fluid movement causes stereocilia to bend, which activates hair cell to transmit action potentials to cranial nerve VIII

Answer 58

cochlea