Muscle Physiology

Question 1

Can contract, movement possible, can move entire body and within body.

Answer 1

muscle tissue

Question 2

Supports the body, moves bones, maintains body temperature, movement of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels, Protection of bones, organs, joints. Communication.

Answer 2

function of skeletal muscle

Question 3

______ are Long, cylindrical, Multinucleated, can be very long, striated.

Answer 3

muscle fibers

Question 4

Number of muscle fibers remains ____ after birth

Answer 4

constant

Question 5

Enlargement of muscles due to increase in ____ not number

Answer 5

size (hypertrophy)

Question 6

surrounds entire muscle, becomes part of fascia (separates muscles from each other), extends to form tendons

Answer 6

epimysium

Question 7

surface area =

Answer 7

volume ratio

Question 8

surrounds bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 8

perimysium

Question 9

thin layer of aerolar connective tissue, surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 9

endomysium

Question 10

bundles of myofilaments

Answer 10

myofibril

Question 11

contractile unit

Answer 11

sarcomere

Question 12

cell membrane of muscle cell

Answer 12

sarcolemma

Question 13

cytoplasm of muscle cell. Glycogen,

myoglobin and organelles found here

Answer 13

sarcoplasm

Question 14

cylindrical in shape and run the length of the

muscle fiber. increase in size when you lift weights

Answer 14

myofibril

Question 15

endoplasmic reticulum of muscle

cell. Contains calcium & critical for muscle contraction

Answer 15

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

extension of sarcolemma that extends into the

muscle fiber, conveys impulses that cause SR to release CA2+

Answer 16

T-tubules

Question 17

the contractile unit of a muscle cell.
There are many per myofibril. Defined by “Z-line”
boundaries.

Answer 17

sarcomere

Question 18

red pigment that stores oxygen for
muscle contraction (like hemoglobin)

Answer 18

myoglobin

Question 19

composed of several hundred

molecules of myosin (shaped like golf clubs)

Answer 19

thick filament

Question 20

composed of actin.
has two proteins associated with it: troponin and
tropomyosin. Released into blood during heart attack

Answer 20

thin filament

Question 21

The theory that describes how actin and myosin slide past each other in a muscle contraction

Answer 21

sliding filament theory

Question 22

both myosin and actin _____ during a muscle contraction

Answer 22

stay the same size

Question 23

True/False: ATP is Required for Muscle Contraction

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A bands (myosin) _____ during shortening of a muscle

Answer 24

remain a constant width

Question 25

I bands and H zones become

Answer 25

more narrow (gaps between actin molecules close)

Question 26

Z lines (boundaries of sarcomere) move

Answer 26

closer together

Question 27

all along the myofibril are many ____

Answer 27

sarcomeres

Question 28

muscle cell has many ___

Answer 28

myofibrils

Question 29

myofibril has many ____

Answer 29

myofilaments, actin + myosin, proteins

Question 30

Neurotransmitter responsible for muscular contractions

Answer 30

ACH (Acetylchloline)

Question 31

ACh binds to receptors on ______ on sarcolemma, generating an impulse in sarcolemma

Answer 31

motor end plate

Question 32

Energy for muscle contractions is supplied by ____

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

Energy is released when ___

Answer 33

ATP > ADP + Pi

Question 34

ATP helps form ____ between myosin and actin

Answer 34

cross-bridge formation

Question 35

New ATP must bind to ____ before cross-bridge is released

Answer 35

myosin

Question 36

When a person or animal dies, No ATP is available to release cross-bridges, stiffness

Answer 36

rigor mortis

Question 37

Muscles always have a point of ___ where they crom from, this is stationairy bone; close to midline

Answer 37

origin

Question 38

Have a point of ____ this bone moves and is away from the midline

Answer 38

insertion

Question 39

the one muscle in group that does most of the work

Answer 39

prime mover

Question 40

other muscles that help are called

Answer 40

syngerists

Question 41

do opposite tasks

Answer 41

antagonists

Question 42

long, cylindrical, can be very long, striated, multinucleated

Answer 42

skeletal muscle

Question 43

narrow, tapered, cylindrical. nonstriated, walls of organs and blood vessels

Answer 43

smooth muscle

Question 44

sriated, cylindrical, branched, uninucleated fibers.

Answer 44

cardiac muscle

Question 45

What mediates impulses in sarcolemma?

Answer 45

sodium NA+

Question 46

Calcium is released from ________

Answer 46

Sarcoplasmic Recticulum