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Anatomy and Physiology > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Sensory receptors respond to external/internal stimuli by sending nerve impulses to brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory input

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2
Q

Brain and CNS process stimuli from receptors all over the body.
Brain prioritizes stimuli, responds appropriately

A

Integration

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3
Q

The CNS signals muscles (causing contractions) or glands (secretions) and organs

A

motor and glands

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4
Q

Nervous system is responsible for ____

A

mental activity

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5
Q

Brain is the control center and helps the body conditions stay stable

A

Homestasis

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6
Q

Spinal cord and brain

A

Central Nervous System

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7
Q

Contains most of the cell bodies of neurons, Consists of 100 billion neurons and 1000 billion neuroglia,

A

CNS

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8
Q

The support and nourishing cells.

A

Neuroglia

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9
Q

Send electrical & chemical signals

A

Neurons

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10
Q

Connects to Spinal Cord

A

Brain Stem

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11
Q

Posterior to Brainstem

A

Cerebellum

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12
Q

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland, above brain stem

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

Spreads over diencephalon, R and L hemispheres, connected.

A

Cerebrum

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14
Q

Connects hemispheres of brain

A

corpus callosum

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15
Q

Responsible for right side of body, math, analytrical skills, and speech

A

Left Hemisphere

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16
Q

Controls left side of body, responsible for music, art, abstract ideas

A

Right Hemisphere

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17
Q
  • Surface of cerebrum, composed of gray matter, cell bodies.
  • Convoluted, has no nerve tracts just cell bodies
  • Contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers
  • Senses, controls voluntary movement and consciousness
  • Contains motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas
  • Accounts for 40% of brain mass
A

Cerebral cortex

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18
Q

folds, increase surface area.

A

Gyri

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19
Q

grooves

A

Sulci/sulcus

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20
Q

Controls voluntary motor

functions, aggression, moods, smell, personality.

A

Frontal Lobe

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21
Q

Evaluates sensory input such as

touch, pain, pressure, temp., taste. Involved in math and spatial reasoning.

A

Parietal Lobe

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22
Q

Responsible for Vision

A

Occipital Lobe

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23
Q

hearing, smell, memory

A

Temporal Lobe

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24
Q

Deep to lateral sulcus. Taste, emotions, speech, and possibly awareness of balance and head position in space.

A

Insula Lobe

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25
Maintains homeostasis by regulating thirst, hunger, sleep, temperature, water balance.
Hypothalamus
26
receives sensory information (all except smell) integrates & sends to cerebrum. Relay center for sensory information. Involved in arousal, memory and emotions.
Thalamus
27
Secretes melatonin and regulates the body’s circadian rhythm.
Pineal Gland
28
The master gland
Pituitary Gland
29
Second largest structure in the brain. Processes and coordinates movement: critical for balance. Problems with it may be linked to autism
Cerebellum
30
Oldest, most primitive region of the brain. Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Controls basics: consciousness, sleep, breathing, blood pressure, vomiting.
Brain Stem
31
Two types of nervous system
Somatic and Automatic
32
Neurons always arise in CNS (no ganglion) and synapse onto a skeletal muscle. Voluntary or involuntary (reflexes)
Somatic Nervous System
33
Self-governing – not under voluntary control (subconscious); Homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System
34
important in an emergency - accelerates heart rate, dilates bronchi, pupils. Norepinephrine (NE) is the neurotransmitter.
Sympathetic division of the ANS
35
“Rest and digest”. Slows heart-rate, promotes digestion. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter
Parasympathetic division of the ANS
36
structures that encase and protect brain and spinal cord.
Meninges
37
tough white fibrous connective tissue lies next to skull and vertebrae.
Dura
38
Closest to brain and spinal cord.
Pia
39
web-like sturcture of meningies
arachnoid membrane
40
in between arachnoid membrane, contains cerebralspinal fluid (CSF)
Subarachnoid space
41
excessive CSF, blockages can occur, ventricles in brain enlarge
hydrocephalus
42
gap between end buttons and target (muscle or another neuron). Includes end bulb and target tissue.
synapse
43
Mostly nerve endings, few cell bodies, divided into afferent divisions, sensory and efferent.
Peripheral Nervous System
44
Going to CNS
sensory
45
Motor, moving away from CNS
efferent
46
recieve signals from other neurons, tree shaped
dendrites
47
has nucleus, where signal is generated
cell body
48
nerve signal is conducted towards axon buttons
axon
49
axon's insulation (glial cells)
myelin sheath
50
unmylenated axon between mylein sheath, speeds up nerve impulse.
nodes of ranvier
51
(in end bulb) are the chemicals that conduct signal from neuron to target.
Neurotransmitter
52
long axons bundled together with | connective tissue into cord-like fibers in PNS.
nerves
53
long axons bundled together in CNS
tracts
54
a difference in overall charge between inside cell and outside the cell
Resting potential
55
Each cells resting potential is approximately
-70 millivolts
56
works by binding to voltage-gated sodium channels & blocking them so action potentials cannot pass from pain receptors.
Novocaine, Lidocaine and | Articaine
57
Over 100 have been identified, 10 involved in human physiology. ACh and NE
neurotransmitter
58
Most cells are ____ charged compared to their extracellular environment
negatively charged
59
The neuron receives a signal from another neuron, initiates
action potential
60
Action potential converts neurons from
negatively charged to positively charged
61
which ions are responsible for the action potential?
sodium and potassium
62
positive change in voltage, caused by sodium entering the cell.
depolarization
63
return to negative voltage, caused by potassium leaving the cell. sodium channels close, cell returns to normal
repolarization
64
contain neurotransmitters which are released to transfer signal to muscle or another nueron
axon terminal
65
A reflex is caused by which NS?
Somatic NS

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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