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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

stem cells

A

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells

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2
Q

somatic cells

A

has 23 pairs of chromosomes; they account for all the body’s cells except the reproductive cells

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

the constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body

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4
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

makes movement possible; provides protection, nutrients, form, and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells

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5
Q

cardiovascular system

A

delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion

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6
Q

lymphatic system

A

helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulates immunity

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7
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste

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8
Q

digestive system

A

provides the body with, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid waste

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9
Q

urinary system

A

filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism, maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance

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10
Q

reproductive system

A

facilitates procreation (producing offspring)

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11
Q

integumentary system

A

provides external covering for protection, regulates the body temperature and water content

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12
Q

nervous system

A

coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement

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13
Q

endocrine system

A

secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities

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14
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive or again

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15
Q

-plasia

A

development or formation of tissue

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16
Q

aplasia

A

the lack of development of an organ or tissue

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17
Q

dysplasia

A

any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance

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18
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, and is less severe than aplasia

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19
Q

hyperplasia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue

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20
Q

hypertrophy

A

an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells (as in hyperplasia)

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21
Q

anaplasia

A

is characteristic of malignant tumors. Refers to a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form.

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22
Q

anatomic position

A

the position that a person is in while standing erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.

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23
Q

anteromedian

A

located in front and toward the middle

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24
Q

posteroexternal

A

situated toward the back and outer side

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25
posteromedian
situated in the middle of the back
26
dorsolateral
pertaining to the and side
27
posterolateral
pertaining to a position behind and to the side
28
anterolateral
pertaining to the front and one e
29
mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and one side
30
anterosuperior
indicates a position in front and above
31
posterosuperior
indicates a position behind and above
32
inferomedian
situated in the middle of the underside
33
the cranial cavity contains ___?
the brain
34
The spinal cavity contains ___?
the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves
35
The dorsal cavity contains ___ and ___?
The spinal and cranial cavities
36
viscera
large organs contained in the ventral cavity
37
the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities make up the ___ cavity.
ventral
38
the ___ divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
diaphragm
39
peritoneum
the membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs
40
adhesion
the sticking together of two structures that are normally separated
41
major regions of the body
head, neck, torso, extermities
42
torso
chest, abdomen, and pelvis
43
acral
pertaining to the extermities of the body
44
acrodermatitis
dermatitis of the extermities
45
acrocyanosis
cyanosis of the extermities
46
acrohypothermy
abnormal coldness of the extemities
47
acromegaly
a disorder in which thereis abnormal enlargement of body extermities
48
thorax
chest
49
abdomen
the portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and pelvis
50
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids
51
cephalopelvic
refers to the head of the fetus and the maternal pelvis
52
abdominothoracic
pertains to the abdomen and the thorax
53
abdomincentesis
a surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent
54
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
55
peritonitis
infectious MOs gain access by way of surgical incisions or by rupture or perforation of viscera or associated structures
56
umbilicus
navel
57
omphalocele
congenital hernation of the navel
58
types of abdominal hernias
umbilical, femoral, incisional, and inguinal
59
palmar
pertaining to the palm
60
plantar
pertaining to the foot
61
dactylography
study of fingerprints
62
dactylospasm
cramping of a finger or toe
63
dactylitis
inflammation of the bones of the fingers and toes
64
chiropody
pertaining to the hands and feet
65
chiropodist
a specialist who treats corns, bunions, and other affiliations of the hands and feet
66
chirospasm
cramping of the hand
67
onychopathy
any disease of the nails
68
onychomycosis
a disease of the nails caused by fungus
69
onychectomy
surgical removal of the nail; declawing of an animal
70
intracellular
within the cell
71
extracellular
outside the cell
72
interstitial
fills the space between most of the cells of the body
73
edema
accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartment
74
hematology
the study of blood and the blood-forming tissue
75
hemolysis
the destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin
76
hemodialysis
the process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials from the bodies of persons with impaired kidney function.
77
hematoma
a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue, or space, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel
78
coagulation
clotting
79
fibrin
forms the clot
80
anticoagulant
a substance that delays or prevents blood from clotting
81
thrombosis
formation of internal blood clots
82
platelets
small structures in the blood that are important for blood clotting
83
thrombocytes
platelets
84
thrombocytopenia
a reduction in the number of blood platelets
85
hemoglobin
a red, iron-containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and waste carbon dioxide to the lungs
86
anemia
a condition in which the number of RBCs or the concentration of hemoglobins decrease
87
pallor
paleness
88
what's the major function of WBCs?
body defense
89
leukopenia
an abnormal decrease in the total number of WBC
90
leukocytosis
an abnormal increase in the total number of WBCs
91
leukemia
a progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs
92
hematopoiesus
takes place in the bone marrow
93
erythropoietin
a hormone produced mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream, causes the production of RBCs
94
susceptibility
being vulnerable to a disease or disorder
95
resistance
the body's natural ability to counteract MOs or toxins
96
inflammation
a protective response of body tissue that increases circulation to an area after irritation or injury
97
interferon
a cell-produced protein that protects the cells from viral infection
98
complement
a protein that not only promotes inflammation and phagocytosis, but also causes bacterial cells to rupture
99
immunity
the body's ability to counteract the effects of infectious organisms
100
antigen
any substance that the body regards as foreign
101
antibody
a disease-fighting protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
102
immunization
the process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented
103
vaccination
the administration of antigenic material to induce immunity
104
immnocompromised
one whose immune response has been weakened by a disease or immunosuppressive agent
105
what is a type of immunosuppressant?
radiation and certain drugs
106
immunodeficiency
a defect in the immune system and are characterized by susceptibility to infectious and chronic diseaes
107
hypersensitivity
excessive reaction to an antigen
108
allergies
conditions in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to common, harmless substances
109
anaphylaxis
exaggerated hypersensitive reactions to a previously encountered antigen
110
benign
"favorable for recovery" and "not having a tendency to spread"
111
malignant
tending to grow worse, to spread, and possibly become life threatening
112
metastasis
spreading from one part of the body to another part
113
BNICE
Biological, Nuclear, Incendiary, Chemical, Explosive
114
virus
a minute MO that replicates only within a cell of a living plant or animal
115
fungi
MOs that feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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