Chapter 7 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Cardiovascular
A
Heart and blood vessels
2
Q
Lymphatic
A
Structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph
3
Q
Circulatory system
A
Consists of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
4
Q
What are the six (6) functions of the cardiovascular system?
A
- Supply body cells with needed substances
- Transports waste products for disposal
- Maintains the acid-base balance of the body
- Prevents hemorrhage through blood clotting
- Protects against disease
- Helps regulate body temperature
5
Q
Arteries
A
How oxygen rich blood leaves the heart
6
Q
Arterioles
A
When arteries branch many times
7
Q
Capillaries
A
When arterioles branch into tiny vessels with one-cell thick walls
8
Q
Venules
A
The way for blood leaving the capillaries to return to the heart
9
Q
Veins
A
Carry blood back to the heart
10
Q
Venae Cavae
A
The large vein that leads into the heart.
11
Q
Atrial
A
Pertaining to the atrium
12
Q
Ventricular
A
Pertaining to the ventricle
13
Q
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
A
Valves between the atria and ventricles
14
Q
Tricuspid Valve
A
Right AV valve
15
Q
Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
A
Left AV valve
16
Q
Cuspid
A
Small flaps that make up the atrioventricular vlaves
17
Q
Aorta
A
The artery by which the blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body
18
Q
Semilunar
A
Valves that have the appearance of a half-moon when the valves are closed (Aortic and Pulmonary semilunar valves)
19
Q
Pericardium
A
A sac made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart.
20
Q
Visceral/Epicardium
A
The innermost layer of the pericardium
21
Q
Endocardium
A
Forms the lining inside the heart
22
Q
Myocardium
A
The heart muscle itself. This is the thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers that contract, resulting in the squeezing of blood from the heart with each heartbeat.
23
Q
Coronary
A
Encircling, in the manner of a crown (Refers to the way the coronary arteries encircle the heart in a crown-like fashion
24
Q
Angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
A
Vessel
25
Aort/o
Aorta
26
Arteriol/o
Arteriole
27
Arter/o, arteri/o
Artery
28
Ather/o
Yellow fatty plaque
29
Phleb/o, ven/o
Vein
30
Venul/o
Venule
31
Cardiomyopathy
General diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself
32
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle
33
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium, often caused by an infective microorganism.
34
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
35
Electrocardiography
Electrical currents of the heart muscles are recorded by a electrocardiograph
36
Echocardiogram
Record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall.
37
Cardiac catherterization
The passage of a long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through the vein in an arm, leg, or neck. Allows for collection of blood samples from different parts of the heart and determines pressure differences in chambers. Inside of the heart can be viewed.
38
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Helpful in examining blood flow in the heart and vessels. Patient is injected with a radioactive dye and images are produced.
39
Angina Pectoris
Severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself
40
Arrhythmia
Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat. (Dysrhythmia is more technically correct)
41
Cardiomeglay
Enlarged size of the heart
42
Congenital Heart Defects
Abnormalities present in the heart at birth. (Often involve the septum)
43
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body. (The work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform) AKA: Congestive Heart Disease
44
Heart Failure
Heart fails to pump properly
45
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium. (Flow or blockage issue)
46
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen cause by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries.
47
Fibrillation
Severe Cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation. It can sometimes be reversed by a defibrillator.
48
Defibrillator (For defibrillation)
Electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often through electrode to the chest. can also be used to slow the heart or restore to normal rhythm.
49
Heart Murmur
Soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope, not necessarily pathogenic.
50
Hyperlipidemia
Excessive lipid (fats) in the blood. An elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing CHD in most individuals.
51
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure above the normal values of 120/80 mm Hg in an adult over the age of 18 years old. (A person with hypertension is said to be hypertensive.
52
Hypotension
Low blood pressure. A blood pressure of 95/60 mm Hg indicates hypotension.
53
Infarction
Necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply to that area. Can be caused by Occlusion or stenosis of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue.
54
Occlusion
Obstruction
55
Stenosis
Narrowing
56
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
The death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation. AKA Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
57
Myocardial Ischemia
Deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium. (The word ischemia refers to a temporary deficient of blood supply to any part of the body)
58
Septal Defect
Defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart. The defect is usually congenital and is either an atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD)
59
Shock
Serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood. This condition can result in death. May be caused by hemorrhage, infection, drug reaction, injury, poisoning, MI, or excessive emotional stress.
60
Vasodilation
Increase in the diameter of a blood vessel
61
Vasoconstriction
Decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel
62
Angiomas
Tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma)
63
Aortography
Radiography of the aorta after injection of a contrast medium.
64
Aortogram
Record produced from an aortography
65
Arteriography
Radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream.
66
Arteriogram
Image produced after an arteriography
67
Angiocardiography
Radiography of the hear and great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution.
68
Angiograpy
General term for radiography of vessels.
69
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Blood vessel bursts and allows blood to seep into brain tissue until clotting stops the seepage
70
Thrombotic Stroke
Plaque can cause a clot to form that blocks blood flow
71
Embolic Stroke
A blood clot of other embolus reaches an artery in the brain, lodges there, and blocks the flow of blood
72
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily when surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed
73
Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to the heart and lungs
74
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Hearts natural pacemaker
75
Cardioversion
Restoring the heart's normal rhythm using electrical shock
76
Cardioverter Defibrillator (CID)
A device that detects sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers a low energy shock to the heart
77
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped
78
Antiarrhythmic
Prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm
79
Digoxin
Well-known drug prescribed in the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias
80
Nitroglycerin
Coronary vasodilator, can be used for angina pectoris
81
Thrombolytic
Agent administered through a catheter to dissolve a clot
82
Heparin
Oral anticoagulant
83
Vasodilators
Meds thats caused dilation of blood vessels
84
Antihypertensives
Agents that are used to reduce high blood pressure
85
Diuretics
Act to reduce the blood volume through greater excretion of water by the kidneys, can be used for high blood pressure
86
Antilipidemic
Meds to lower cholesterol levels in the blood
87
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of blood vessels that have become damaged by disease or injury
88
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
Sections of blood vessels (Usually from the leg) are grafted onto the coronary arteries to bypass the blocked arteries
89
Phlebectomy
Surgical excision of a vein or segment of a vein
90
Hemorrhoidectomy
Surgical excision of a hemorrhoid
91
Lymph
Escaped fluid from the blood capillaries to bathe the tissue cells
92
Lymphatic System consists of?
Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph, tonsils, thymus, and spleen
93
Palatine Tonsils
Located in the back of the thorat
94
Pharyngeal Tonsils
AKA adenoids, Located in the back of the throat on the top.
95
Lymphoma
General term for cancer that originates in the lymphatic system
96
Lymphangitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels and can be caused by various microorganisms.
97
Lymphangiography
Radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radiopaque substance
98
Lymphedema
Accumulation of lymph in tissue and the resultant swelling
99
Lymphangiograms
Useful for checking the integrity of the lymphatic system in lymphedema and for investigating the spread of malignant tumors
100
Elephantiasis
Parasitic disease generally seen in the tropics, causes excessive swelling caused by obstruction of the lymph vessels
101
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
102
Lymphadenopathy
Refers to any disease of the lymph nodes
103
Lymphadenoma
A tumor of a lymph node
104
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
105
Splenomegaly
Enlarged spleen
106
Lymphectomy
Excision of a Lymph node
107
Splenectomy
Excision of the Spleen, usually due to rupture
108
Tonsillectomy
Excision of the tonsils
109
Adenoidectomy
Excision of the adenoids, usually because they are enlarged
110
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
111
Cervic/o
Neck
112
Home/o
Sameness
113
Lymphat/o
Lymphatics
114
splen/o
Spleen
115
Thromb/o
Thrombus, blood clot
