Chapter 6 Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Hematopoiesis
A
Blood production
2
Q
Orthopedics
A
Prevention and Correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system
3
Q
Orthopedist
A
Treats musculoskeletal disorders in people of all ages
4
Q
Musculoskeletal
A
Pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton
5
Q
Crani/o
A
Cranium; Skull
6
Q
Cost/o
A
Costa; Rib
7
Q
Stern/o
A
Sternum; Breastbone
8
Q
Rachi/o, Spin/o
A
Spine; Backbone
9
Q
Spondyl/o, vertebr/o
A
Vertebrae; Spinal bones
10
Q
Cervic/o
A
Cervical vertebrae
11
Q
Thorac/o
A
Thoracic vertebrae
12
Q
Lumb/o
A
Lumbar vertebrae
13
Q
Sacr/o
A
Sacrum
14
Q
Coccyg/o
A
Coccyx
15
Q
Clavicul/o
A
Clavicle; Collarbone
16
Q
Scapul/o
A
Scapula; Shoulder blade
17
Q
Humer/o
A
Humerus; Upper arm bone
18
Q
Radi/o
A
Radius
19
Q
Uln/o
A
Ulna
20
Q
Carp/o
A
Carpals; Wrist bones
21
Q
Metacarp/o
A
Metacarpals; Bones of the hands
22
Q
Phalang/o
A
Phalanges; Bones of the fingers
23
Q
Pelv/i
A
Bones of the pelvis
24
Q
ili/o
A
Ilium
25
Ischi/o
Ischium
26
Pub/o
Pubis
27
Femor/o
Femur; Thigh bone
28
Patell/o
Patella; Kneecap
29
Fibul/o
Fibula
30
Tibi/o
Tibia
31
Tars/o
Tarsals; Ankle bones
32
Calcane/o
Calcaneus; Heel bone
33
Metatars/o
Metatarsals; Bones of the feet
34
Phalang/o
Phalanges; Bones of the toes
35
How many Cervical Vertebrae are there?
Seven (7)
36
How many Thoracic Vertebrae are there?
Twelve (12)
37
How many Lumbar Vertebrae are there?
Five (5)
38
How many Sacral Vertebrae are fused to make the Sacrum?
Five (5)
39
How many Coccygeal Vertebrae are fused to make the Coccyx?
Four (4)
40
Where do the ribs start in respect to the vertebrae?
T1, First Thoracic
41
How many 'True Ribs' are there?
Seven (7), 1-7
42
How many 'False Ribs' are there?
Five (5), 8-12
43
How many 'Floating Ribs' are there?
Two (2), 11-12
44
Ankyl/o
Stiff
45
Arthr/o
Articulation, Joint
46
-asthenia
Weakness
47
Burs/o
Bursa
48
Calc/i
Calcium
49
Cellul/o
Little cell or compartment
50
Chondr/o
Cartilage
51
De-
Down, From, or Reversing
52
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
53
Ten/o, Tend/o, Tendin/o
Tendon
54
Cartilage
Specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure or tension.
55
Chondral
Pertaining to cartilage
56
Fascia
Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.
57
Tendons
Bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones.
58
Articulation
Joint (Place of union between two or more bones)
59
Synovial joints
Joints covered with cartilage surrounded by synovial membrane (synovium)
60
Synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and makes it freely movable.
61
Bursae
Sacs of fluid located in areas of friction, especially in the joints.
62
Extension
Straightens the limb
63
Flexion
Bends the limb
64
Rotation
Movement of a bone around its own axis
65
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb at the far end
66
Fibromyalgia
Characterized by widespread non-articular pain of the torso, extremities, and face.
67
Myofibrosis
Tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue
68
Myasthenia gravis
Characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses.
69
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from a joint
70
Fracture
Fx; Breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury
71
Sprain
Injury to a joint that causes pain and disablility
72
Strain
Excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive force
73
Myocele
Condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering
74
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon
75
Herniated Disk
A disk between the vertebrae become diseased, or ruptured. This can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve and cause pain.
76
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs.
77
Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia
Paralysis of the arms and legs.
78
Paresis
Motor weakness or partial paralysis
79
Paraparesis
Partial paralysis of the lower limbs
80
Quadriparesis/Tetraparesis
Partial paralysis of all four limbs
81
Cellulitis
Acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues
82
Myocellulitis
Acute, spreading inflammation of the muscles
83
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma.
84
Osteochondritis
Inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of the skeleton
85
Bone marrow aspiration
Taken from the posterior iliac crest. Cells and fluid are suctioned from the bone marrow, and results can provide important information about bone marrow function.
86
Sarcomas
Cancers that arise from connective tissue (muscle or bone) and in general are malignant tumors.
87
Chondrosarcoma
Composed of masses of cartilage
88
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue
89
Leukemias
Chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors.
90
Multiple myeloma
Disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and marrow. Progressive and generally fatal.
91
Osteitis deformans
Aka: Paget disease. Skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. Resulting in thickening and softening of the bones and in bowing of the long bones.
92
Osteomalacia
Reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone.
93
Spondylomalacia
Softening of the vertebrae
94
Osteoporosis
Metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures. May cause pain, loss of height, and spinal deformities.
95
Spinal Bifida
Congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of he spine.
96
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
97
Kyphosis
Exaggerated curvature of the the spine from front to back, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
98
Muscular dystrophy
Group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy, of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive loss of strength.
99
Craniocele
Hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull.
100
Tarsoptosis
Flatfoot. Flattening of the arch of the foot.
101
Arthritis
Any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement.
102
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD). Form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage.
103
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Second most common connective tissue disease. It is a chronic. systemic disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet.
104
Rheumatism
General term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures.
105
Spondylarthritis
Inflammation of a vertebrae
106
Rheumatoid Spondylarthritis
Inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse.
107
Ankylosis
Joint is immobile and stiff
108
Polyarthritis
Inflammation of more than one joint
109
Arthralgia/ Arthrodynia
Painful joint
110
Buritis
Inflammation of a bursa
111
Lupus erythematosus (LE)
Autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue.
112
Gout
Painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis. Inflammation of the joint, especially the knee or foot.
113
Hyperuricemia
Excessive uric acid in the blood, causes Gout
114
Arthroscopy
Direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiber-optic endoscope.
115
Arthroscope
Fiber-optic endoscope used in arthroscopy.
116
Arthrotomy
Incision of a joint.
117
Arthropathy
Refers to any disease of a joint.
118
Reduction
Pulling the broken fragments into alignment (of a broken bone)
119
Anti-osteoporotics
Used to treat osteoporosis.
120
Vertebroplasty
A cement-like substance is injected into the body of a fractures vertebrae to stabilize and strengthen it and immediately remove pain.
121
Bunionectomy
Excision of a bunion.
122
Internal fixation
Can use screws. Stabilizes the bone from the inside
123
External fixation
can use pins that are attached to a compression device. Stabilizes the bone from the outside.
124
Ostectomy
Excision of a bone (or a portion of it)
125
Costectomy
Excision of a rib
126
Craniotomy
Incision into the skull
127
Craniectomy
Excision of a segment of skull
128
Tendoplasty
Surgical repair of a tendon
129
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle
130
Tenomyoplasty
Surgical repair of a tendon and muscle
131
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebrae to permit surgical access to the disk so the the herniated material can be removed.
132
Diskectomy
Complete excision of an inter-vertebral disk
133
Antiinflammatories
Generally used to reduce inflammation and pain.
134
Antiarthritics
Relieve symptoms of arthritis
135
Arthrocentesis
Removal of excessive fluid in the joint
136
Arthroplasty
Any surgical reconstruction of replacement of a joint
137
Myelosuppression
Inhibits bone marrow production. Often a form of cancer treatment.
