Chapter 8 Flashcards
(133 cards)
0
Q
Alveolar
A
Pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
1
Q
ARDS
A
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; acute lung injury characterized by coughing and rales; inflammation of the lungs which become stuff and fibrous and cannot exchange oxygen
2
Q
Alveolus
A
A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
3
Q
Anoxia
A
Lack or absence of oxygen; a deficiency of oxygen in tissues and organs
4
Q
antihistamine
A
a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site
5
Q
antitussive
A
any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing
6
Q
aphasia
A
inability to use or understand language(spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
7
Q
aphasic
A
someone affected by aphasia or inability to use or understand language
8
Q
aphonia
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a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
9
Q
apnea
A
transient cessation of respiration
10
Q
asphyxiation
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the condition of being deprived of oxygen(as by having breathing stopped); “asphyxiation is sometimes used as a form of torture”
11
Q
asthma
A
respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
12
Q
atelectasis
A
collapse of an expanded lung(especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
13
Q
auditory tube
A
either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
14
Q
bradypnea
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an abnormal slowness of breathing
15
Q
bronchi
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either of the two branches of the trachea that extend into the lungs
16
Q
bronchial
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relating to or associated with the bronchi; “bronchial tubes”; “bronchial pneumonia”
17
Q
bronchiole
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any of the smallest ducts; ending in alveoli
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bronchiectasis
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chronic dilation of the bronchial tubes
19
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bronchiolitis
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inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
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bronchitis
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inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
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bronchodilator
A
a drug that relaxes and dilates the bronchial passageways and improves the passages of air into the lungs
22
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bronchogram
A
radiography of the brachial tree made after the introduction of a radiopaque substance
23
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bronchography
A
radiation of the bronchial tubes after the introduction of a radiopaque medium into the bronchi
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bronchopneumonia
pneumonia characterized by the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
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bronchopulmonary
relating to the bronchial tubes and the lungs
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bronchoscope
a slender tubular instrument used to examine the baronial tubes
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bronchoscopic
of or relating to an instrument for examining the interior of the bronchi
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bronchoscopy
a slender tubular instrument with a small light on the end for inspection of the interior of the bronchi
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bronchus
either of the two main branches of the trachea
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carcinoma of the lung
.
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COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a term used to describe chronic lung diseases, like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
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decongestant
a drug that decreases pulmonary congestion
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diaphragm
a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
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dysphasia
an impairment of language(especially speech production) that is usually due to brain damage
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dysphonia
speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
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dyspnea
difficult or labored respiration
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edema
swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities
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embolism
occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus(a loose clot or air bubble or other particle)
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effusion
Escape of fluid
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embolus
an abnormal particle(e.g. an air bubble or part of a clot) circulating in the blood
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emphysema
an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
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endotracheal intubation
the insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ
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epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
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esophagus
the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
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eupnea
normal relaxed breathing
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Eustachian tube
either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
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exhalation
the act of expelling air from the lungs
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expiration
the act of expelling air from the lungs
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glottis
the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated
50
Heimlich maneuver
an emergency procedure to help someone who is choking because food is lodged in the trachea
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hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity(the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)
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hyperpnea
energetic(deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders
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hyperventilation
an increased depth and rate of breathing greater than demanded by the body needs; can cause dizziness and tingling of the fingers and toes and chest pain if continued
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hypoxia
oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency
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influenza
an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
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inhalation
the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air(or other gases) as in breathing
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inspiration
the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air)or other gases) as in breathing
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laryngalgia
pain in the larynx
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laryngeal
of or relating to or situated in the larynx
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laryngeal polyp
a polyp projecting from the surface of one of the vocal cords
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laryngitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing
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laryngopharynx
the lower part of the pharynx
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laryngoscopy
a tubular endoscope that is inserted into the larynx through the mouth and used for observing the interior of the larynx
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larynx
a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech
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lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body(as the lung or brain)
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lung biopsy
a test to obtain a specimen of pulmonary tissue for histologic examination to diagnose pulmonary parenchymal disease, including carcinoma, granuloma, lung diseases caused by toxic exposure, sarcoidosis, and infection
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mucolytic
denoting orpertaining to enzymes that break down mucus
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nares
an external opening in the nasal cavity of a vertebrate; a nostril
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nasal
of or in or relating to the nose; "nasal passages"
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nasal cannula
a small flexible tube inserted into a body cavity for draining off fluid or introducing medication
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nasal polyp
a rounded, elongated piece of pulpy, dependent mucosa that projects into the nasal cavity
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nasal septum
a partition of bone and cartilage between the nasal cavities
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nasopharyngeal
of or relating to or located near the nasopharynx
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nasotracheal intubation
tracheal intubation through the nose
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orotracheal intubation
tracheal intubation through the mouth
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orthopnea
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or siting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
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orthopneic
relating to or characterized by orthopnea
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otopharyngeal
of, relating to, or characterizing the middle ear and the pharynx
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oximeter
a measuring instrument that measures the oxygen in arterial blood
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paracentesis
centesis of the belly to remove fluid for diagnois
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paranasal sinuses
mucosa-lined air cavities in bones of the skull, communicating with the nasal cavity and including ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses
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paroxysmal
accompanied by or of the nature of paroxysms(a sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of a disease)
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percutaneous biopsy
biopsy in which tissue is obtained by puncture of a tumor, the tissue within the lumen of the needle being detached by rotation, and the needle withdrawn
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pharyngeal
of or relating to the troat
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pharyngitis
inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
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pharynx
the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the chin and above the collarbone
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phrenic
of or relating to the diaphragm
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pleura
the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
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pleural
of or relating to the pleura or the walls of the thorax
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pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura of the lungs(especially the parietal layer)
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pleuritis
pleurisy
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pneumatic
of or relating to or using air(or a similar gas)
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pneumectomy
surgical removal of a lung
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pneumocardial
relating to the heart and lungs
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pneumocentesis
paracentesis of the lung
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pneumoconiosis
chronic respiratory disease caused b inhaling metallic or mineral particles
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pneumohemothorax
an accumulation of air and blood in the pleuralcavity
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pneumonectomy
surgical removal of the lung(usually to treat lung cancer)
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pneumonia
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma(excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
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pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction
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pneumothorax
abnormal presenc of air in the pleural caity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous(due to injury to the chest) or induced(as a treatment for TB)
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pulmonary
relating to or affecting the lungs
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pulmonary edema
a condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, usually because the heart's left ventricle does not pump adequately
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pulmonary embolism
blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot
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pulmonic
relating to or affecting the lungs
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pulmonologist
one who studies diseases of the respiratory system
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respiration
the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs
108
respiratory
pertaining to respiration
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rhinitis
an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose(usually associated with nasal discharge)
110
rhinoplasty
cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose
111
rhinorrhea
persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose(as in the common cold)
112
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome; a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that appartently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal
113
silicosis
a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
114
sinusitis
inflammation of all of the paranasal sinuses
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spirometry
the use of a spirometer to measure vital capacity
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sputum
expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to caused sluggisness
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SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome; a fatal syndrome that affects sleeping infants under a year old, characterized by a sudden cessation of breathing and thought to be caused by the central nervous system
118
tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing or respiration
119
thoracentesis
removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
120
thoracic
of or relating to the chest or thorax
121
thoracocentesis
removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
122
thorax
the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in the other vertebrates
123
thrombus
a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin
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trachea
membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
125
tracheal
relating to or resembling or functioning like a trachea
126
tracheobronchial
of, pertaining to, or affecting the trachea and bronchi
127
tracheostomy
a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes
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tracheotomy
surgical incision of the trachea through the neck, as to make an artificial opening for breathing
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tubercle
a swelling that is the characteristic lesion to TB
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transtracheal
"Through the trachea" Often a more efficient way of oxygen administration
131
ventilator
a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure
132
wheeze
breathing with a husky or whistling sound; breathe with difficulty
