Chapter 5 -Absolute Monarchs Flashcards
0
Q
Ferdinand
A
Charles V’s Brother.
Inherited Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.
1
Q
Charles V
A
Divided empire Between son and brother.
2
Q
Phillip II
A
Charles V’s Son. Inherited Spain, Spanish colonies, and Spanish Netherlands.
3
Q
Phillip II’s accomplishments
A
Claimed Portugal Fought ottomans Fought and lost to England Weakened Spain. Made money off sugar, brought in gold and silver. Tons of wealth.
4
Q
Why was Portugal such a good country to claim
A
Sugar
5
Q
Explain the fight of Phillip II against Elizabeth I
A
Brought entire Spanish Armada. Lost. Weakened Spain.
6
Q
Two Artists of the Spanish Golden Age
A
El Greco (The Greek) Velazquez
7
Q
El Greco
A
The Greek
Brilliant colors, distorted human figure
8
Q
The Greek
A
El Greco
9
Q
Cervantes
A
Wrote Don Quixote
10
Q
Don Quixote
A
First modern European novel
11
Q
Two separate views of the motive of Cervantes with Don Quixote
A
Makes fun of Middle Ages and how simple it was and how everyone fought OR Missed the time of chivalry and fighting for honor
12
Q
Inflation
A
Value of money goes down, price goes up.
13
Q
Tax structure of Spain
A
Screwed up. Only taxes the lower class.
14
Q
Guilds in Spain
A
Group for each trade/skill
Control the entire trade/skill
Control the number of tradesman in a town.
Control quality of work and prices.
15
Q
Process to work your way up in a guild…
A
Apprenticeship.
Journeyman.
Then you must create something of the same quality of a master’s work. (Masterpiece)
16
Q
Three things holding Spain back
A
Inflation
Tax structure
Guilds
17
Q
Guilds
Tax structure
Inflation
A
Three things holding Spain back
18
Q
Spanish have the Spanish Netherlands which turn into the..
A
Spanish Netherlands and The United Provinces of the Netherlands
19
Q
The United Provinces of the Netherlands was.. (Religion)
A
Protestant
20
Q
Spanish Netherlands were.. (Religion)
A
Catholic
21
Q
What was unique about The United Provinces of the Netherlands?
A
They were a republic and had no dukes etc. They had a middle class.
22
Q
Rembrandt
A
Artist. Depicted a Wealthy Middle Class & Use of light to focus.
23
Q
Vermeer
A
Artist. Depicted domestic indoor settings. Painted women.
24
Absolute Monarchs
Believed they had Divine Right
25
Divine Right
The belief that god created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as Gods representative on earth.
26
Henry IV
King of France
Bourbon Dynasty
Brings France to richest point
27
How does Henry IV die?
Assassinated
28
When Henry IV gets assassinated who takes over?
Loui XIII
29
Cardinal Richelieu
Takes over for Louis XIII.
Forbids walls in Protestant cities
Nobles must tear down their fortified castles
30
Skepticism
Nothing can be known for sure
31
Montaigne
Creates the essay to express thoughts and opinions
32
Descartes
Creates scientific method
33
Edict of Nantes
Declaration if religious toleration in France for the Huguenots
34
Huguenots
French Protestants
35
Who takes over when Louis XIII dies?
Louis XIV
36
Why can't Louis XIV rule?
He's not old enough
37
Because Louis XIV can't rule, who takes his place?
Cardinal Mazarin
38
Cardinal Mazarin
Terrible ruler, stirred up anti-Mazarin riots.
39
Anti-Mazarin Riots
Riots protesting Mazarin
40
Outcome of the Anti-Mazarin Riots.
They failed.
41
Why the Anti-Mazarin Riots failed?
| 3
Nobles leading distrusted each other more than Mazarin
42
How old is Louis XIV when Mazarin Dies?
22
43
When Louis XIV took over at the age of 22, who did he choose to help him lead?
Jean Baptiste Colbert
44
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Minister of France (understood finance)
| Led well.
45
Intendants
People to collect taxes and administer justice.
46
Who did intendants replace?
The nobles
47
When Colbert dies what happens?
Louis XIV takes back over
48
What are two things that happen under Louis XIV's rule?
Cancels edict of Nantes.
Builds Versailles and makes nobles live there.
49
Was Louis XIV a good ruler?
No.
50
Edict of Nantes
Declaration of religious tolerance in France
Specifically for Huguenots aka French Protestants
51
William Of Orange
King of England, joined League of Augsburg
52
What caused the war of succession?
Charles II dies and promised throne to Louis XIV's grandson, Phillip of Anjou. France now owned Spain and France, the two greatest powers in Europe and other countries didn't like that.
53
Who won the War of Spanish Succession
The League of Augsburg
54
What was the verdict after the War of Spanish succession?
Phillip of Anjou could keep his throne in Spain as long as Spain and France were never united.
55
Which two countries win land in the War of Spanish Succession?
Austria and Brittain
56
What land does Britain claim after the War of Spanish Succession?
Gulbralter, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
57
What land does Austria claim after the War of Spanish Succession
The Spanish Netherlands and land in Italy
58
What kind of legacy does Louis XIV have when he dies
A mixed Legacy
59
What two groups do the German Princes create?
The Protestant Union and the Catholic League
60
What caused the formation of the Catholic League
The formation of the Protestant Union
61
Ferdinand
Bohemia.
Head of Hapsburg.
62
Everyone had picked sides so now it was only a matter of time before..
A spark set off another war
63
What caused the 30 Years War
Ferdinand, a foreigner and catholic, closed a few Protestant churches.
64
Did Ferdinand II really hate Protestants or was he tolerant.
Tolerant
65
Did Ferdinand II want to start a war
No
66
What two phases can the Thirty Years War be divided into
The Hapsburg Triumphs and the Hapsburg Defeats.
67
What caused the Hapsburg Defeats to occur
France Joined the Protestants.
68
Why would France join the Protestants if it was catholic?
They wanted to be the biggest catholic country so they needed to crush their competitor
69
What three things describe the reasons for the 30 years war.
Religion, Territory, Power
70
What ends the 30 Years war?
Peace of Westphalia
71
Peace of Westphalia
```
•Ends 30 Years war
•Austria and Spain weakened
•Strengthened France
•German Princes Independent of HRE
•Last religious war
•New method of Peace negotiation
•
```
72
New method of Peace Negotiation vs Old one
Old--Winners sit and decide treaty. Losers sign or more war.
New--Everyone sits. Winners/losers/neutral
73
Maria Theresa
Leader of Hapsburg. Had Austria. Retook Bohemia. Retook Hungary
New nobility-centralized gov-standing army
74
Frederick the Great
Prussia-Hotlenzollerns
Frederick William
Fought Maria Theresa for Austria in Silesia
75
Prussia + Austria
| (Maria Theresa + Frederick William)
War of Austrian Succession
76
War of Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa Vs Frederick William.
MT asked Hungary & Brittan to help.
FWII
77
Outcome of War of Austrian Succession
Frederick William II won land
| Maria Theresa proves herself
78
Explain the switch between allies for Austria and Prussia
Austria, Hungary, England-->
Austria, France, Russia
Prussia, France-->
Prussia, England
79
What does the switch of allies of Austria and Prussia cause? (New friends =...)
New war. FWII attacked Saxony.
Seven Years War
80
Outcome of the Seven Years war.
Nothing changes
81
Ivan IV
Ivan-the terrible. Wife Anastasia. Good ruler at first, she dies--> bad period.
82
What causes the bad period of Ivan IV's rule?
Anastasia, his wife, dies
83
What occurs during the bad period of Ivan IV's rule?
Secret police, new nobles, killed oldest son.
84
Junkers
Officers in the army (Prussia)
85
Boyers
Nobles in Russia
86
Csar
Ruler in Russia
87
Who leads after Ivan IV
Romanov
88
How long does Romanov rule?
300 years
89
Peter I
Peter the great. Of Russia. Looked to Europe. Changes perception.
90
Grand Embassy
Journey Peter I went on through Europe
91
Westernization
Using Europe as a model for Change to make russia stronger
92
How did Peter I westernize Russia?
* Brought church under state control
* reduced power of land owners
* hired Europeans to train army
* into potatoes, newspapers, raised women's status, western styles, education
* St Petersburg on Baltic Sea to house nobles
93
St Petersburg
On Baltic Sea. Build by Peter I of Russia to house nobles like Versailles.
94
King James I
James Stuart
95
James Stuart
King James I
96
King James I's two struggles were over...
Money with parliament and religion.
97
Charles I
Son of James. Fights parliament. Money, dissolve, money, dissolve
parl refused until petition if right signed. After he agreed, ignored&dissolved.
98
Petition of right
* would not imprison without cause
* would not levy taxes without parliament grant
* would not house soldiers in homes
* would not impose martial law in peacetime
99
What happens after Charles I agrees, lies and dissolves Parliament?
Tried to make Anglican Prayer book. Made puritans mad and Presbyterians In Scotland.
England<>Scottland.
=English Civil War
100
What does King Charles do when parliament refuses to help him calm things with Scottland.
Orders parliament to be arrested.
101
What is the major problem with trying to have parliament arrested?
It didn't happen. And weakened him as a leader
102
Two teams in English Civil War
Cavaliers (army in north) vs Roundheads (puritans)
Oliver Cromwell for puritans won.
Beheaded Charles with a vote.
103
Cromwell's rule..
Abolished monarchy, House of Lords, created common wealth, republican government form, drafted constitution, put down rebellion in England.
104
How did Cromwell show his Puritan morality?
By abolishing all sinful (fun) things for Christians.
105
John lambert
First written draft of any European country
106
Who rules when Cromwell dies?
Charles II
107
What does Charles II do?
Restores the monarchy, passed Habeus corpus.
108
Habeus Corpus
You have to be brought in front of a Judge so he may determine wether or not you need a trial.
109
James II
Flaunted religion. Appointed Catholics. Son and a daughter named Mary
110
James II's daughter
Mary. Married to William of orange. Invited to overthrow James II.
111
William of orange.
Married to Mary. Invited to overthrow James II
112
What happened during William of orange and Mary's reign
Glorious revolution
113
What was the glorious revolution?
Constitutional monarchy
114
What was so important about this constitutional monarchy?
It was the first one.
115
What did the constitutional monarchy do?
Limit rulers powers.
116
What was the constitutional monarchy called?
The glorious revolution
117
What did the bill of rights do?
Limited rulers powers
118
Which king created a bill of rights
William of Orange
119
What did the bill of rights list?
•no suspending parliaments power
•
•
•
120
What system did William and Mary develop?
A cabinet system
121
What did cabinet system do?
Worked between parliament and monarch and Became the center of power and policy making
122
Who was the head of the cabinet?
Prime minister
123
Prime minister
Leader of the cabinet
Very important
Will eventually lead country
124
Dutch revolt
Crushed Protestantism
125
Bodin
Influential French writer. Denied absolute rule.
126
Bartholomomeus day massacre
In Paris. Huguenots die at wedding of Henry of Navarre
127
Henry IV
converted from Protestantism to catholic
128
Louis XIV
Invaded Netherlands. They opened dikes and flooded
129
Reconquista
Drives Muslims from Spain
130
Serfs
Tied to land. Hereditary
131
Hapsburg
Becomes absolute. Took Bohemia. Took Hungary. New nobility, centralized gov, standing army
