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Flashcardlet > Harrison's Ch. 6 Test > Flashcards

Harrison's Ch. 6 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the midievil view or geocentric theory

A

Earth is the center of the universe and the planets revolve around it in perfect circles.

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1
Q

What Theory did Aristotle have?

A

Geocentric theory

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2
Q

What caused the Scientific Revolution?

A

People questioned the Geocentric theory

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3
Q

Before the scientific revolution where did people get their information

A

Looked to the Greeks, Romans, and the bible.

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4
Q

What theory did Copernicus have after 25 years of research?

A

Heliocentric theory

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5
Q

What is the heliocentric theory

A

Sun center of the universe and planets have an elliptical orbit

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6
Q

What book did Copernicus write

A

On the revolution of heavenly bodies

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7
Q

Who continued Copernicus’ work?

A

Brahe

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8
Q

How did Brahe continue Copernicus’ work?

A

By tracking heavenly bodies

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9
Q

Who was Brahes assistant and what did he do?

A

Kepler and he continued work on elliptical orbits

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10
Q

The scientific revolution was

A

Based in careful observation and questioning belief

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11
Q

What did Galileo do? (5)

A

Built telescope, learned surfaces are not smooth, wrote Starry Messenger, said sun had dark spots, Jupiter has 4 moons.

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12
Q

Explain the battle between the Catholic Church and Galileo

A 
Church warned 
Shut mouth
Dialogue of the two Cheif systems
Trial
Denounced discoveries
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13
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Procedure for gathering and testing ideas

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14
Q

Which two people helped advance it?

A

Descartes and Bacon

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15
Q

Bacon -

A

Encouraged others to experiment with their own conclusions

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16
Q

Descartes -

A

Analytical Geometry

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17
Q

Newton -

A

Law of gravity (everything attracts)

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18
Q

Torricelli -

A

Mercury barometer

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19
Q

Janssen-

A

Microscope

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20
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Thermometer

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21
Q

Celsius

A

Thermometer

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22
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Saw bacteria & blood cells

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23
Q

Vesalius

A

Dissected body and provided detailed information about organs, bones, muscles

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24
Jenner
Smallpox vaccine from cowpox
25
Boyle
Father of modern chemistry. Atoms Boyles Law- Temp, volume, pressure of gas effect each other.
26
What is the enlightenment
New period that stressed reason and thought and power of an individual to solve problems
27
What was then age of reason
The enlightenment
28
Hobbes believes that
Humans are selfish and wicked
29
Hobbes social contract
People had to hand over power to a strong leader
30
Locke believed that
People could learn from experience and improve Gov power comes from the consent of the governed Everyone free & equal 3 natural rights
31
Locke's three natural rights
Life, liberty and property
32
Philosophes
Social critics that add reason
33
Philosophes 5 beliefs
1) Reason - learn the truth through reasonable thinking 2) nature - nature is good, don't fight nature 3) progress - we can improve 4) liberty - great thing 5) happiness
34
Voltaire
Wrote over 70 books. Most satires. Exiled to England. Fought for freedom of speech
35
Montesquieu
Separation of powers
36
Rousseau
Believed in Individual freedom. Government is freely formed by the people. Social contract between the people
37
Beccaria
* Promotes criminal justice. * Against torture. * Punishment should be based on crime. * Speedy trial. * No Capitol punishment
38
Mary Wollstonecraft
Fought for equal rights and education.
39
What book did Mary Wollstonecraft write?
A vindication of the rights of women
40
Legacy of the enlightenment
A) belief in progress - scientific knowledge grew B) a more secular outlook - science explained mysteries, questioned religious beliefs C) importance of individual - turns away from royalty to themselves
41
Paris
Cultural and intellectual capital of Europe
42
Diderot
Encyclopedia
43
Encyclopedia
Collection of articles and essays. Banned by catholic church and French gov
44
What helped spread the enlightenment ideals across Europe
Newspapers, songs, pamphlets and the encyclopedia
45
Baroque style
Grand, ornate, dramatic
46
Neoclassical
Borrowed themes from classical Greece and Rome. Music lighter and more elegant. New form of literature - novels
47
Richardson
First English novel
48
What are Enlightened despots and what is so good about them
Embraced new ideas and made reforms based on enlightenment ideals. This makes their country stronger and their rule more effective
49
3 enlightened despots
Frederick the great Joseph II Catherine the Great
50
Frederick the Great
* Granted religious freedom * Reduced censorship * Improved education * Reformed justice system (no torture) * "Servant of state"
51
Joseph II (Austria)
* Legal reforms * Freedom of press and worship * Abolished serfdom * Peasants must be paid in cash
52
Catherine the Great (Russua)
``` RECOMMENDED •Religious tolerance •Abolishing torture and Capitol punishment None changed because of boyers (Wanted access to the Black Sea) ```
53
What happened to Poland and by who
Partitioned 3 times by Prussia Russia and Austria. Disappeared from map until the end of the world war
54
George III
King if England
55
Explain the three reasons the American colonies wanted to break away from England
* Population over two million without slaves * Colonists see themselves less as Brits and more as New Yorkers or Virginians * losing tie with England
56
Navigation act
American colonies had to sell most valuable products to Britain and pay Hugh taxes on imports from Netherlands and France
57
What was a result of Britain fighting I'm the French and Indian war
They wanted the colonists to help pay.
58
Stamp Act
Official stamp in wills, deeds, newspaper, printed materials. Was first tax to be paid directly to British gov.
59
What was the colonists reaction to the stamp act
They argued it violated their natural rights = Petition of rights - no taxation without representation
60
Petition of rights
No taxation without representation
61
Boston tea party
Protest in an import tax on tea
62
First continental congress
Philadelphia - sent letter to the king
63
What caused the American revolution?
British soldiers and American militiamen fired on eachother
64
Second continental congress
Voted to raise army and give commend to George Washington Declaration of Independence-Thomas Jefferson
65
How do colonial leaders justify the revolution?
With the ideas of the enlightenment
66
What were the four reasons America won the revolution?
1) more motivated 2) British generals were overconfident 3) time was on their side 4) had help from French
67
Who surrendered in the American Revolution?
Cornwallis
68
Articles of Confederation
``` Weak national gov. No executive branch. One body. Each state had one vote. 9/13 to pass law. Could not collect taxes or regulate trade. ```
69
What was a result of the failing Articles of Confederation
Constitutional convention
70
Constitutional convention
Meeting to revise Articles of confederation -55 delegates
71
Federalists
Support new constitution
72
Antifederalists
Against new constitution, wanted bill of rights
73
What did the new constitution have/do
Checks and balances, federal system, put the ideas if the enlightenment into practice
74
Federal system
Power is divided between national and state governments

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