Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
Combining Forms: Gastr/o
A
Stomach
2
Q
Combining Forms: Enter/o
A
Small Intestine
3
Q
Combining Forms: Intestin/o
A
Intestines
4
Q
Combining Forms: Lapar/o
A
Abdomen
5
Q
Combining Forms: Mucos/o
A
Mucosa/Mucus
6
Q
Combining Forms: Myx/o
A
Mucosa/Mucus
7
Q
Combining Forms: Odont/o
A
Teeth
8
Q
Combining Forms: Ped/o
A
Child
9
Q
Combining Forms: Orth/o
A
Straight
10
Q
Combining Forms: Proct/o
A
Rectum AND Anus
11
Q
Combining Forms: Celi/o
A
Abdomen
12
Q
Combining Forms: Abdomin/o
A
Abdomen
13
Q
Combining Forms: Or/o
A
Mouth, oral cavity
14
Q
Combining Forms: Stomat/o
A
Mouth, oral cavity
15
Q
Combining Forms: Stom/o
A
Mouth, oral cavity
16
Q
Combining Forms: Cheil/o
A
Lips
17
Q
Combining Forms: Labi/o
A
Lips
18
Q
Combining Forms: Bucc/o
A
Cheek
19
Q
Combining Forms: Gloss/o
A
Tongue
20
Q
Combining Forms: Lingu/o
A
Tongue
21
Q
Combining Forms: Palat/o
A
Palate
22
Q
Combining Forms: Dent/i
A
Teeth
23
Q
Combining Forms: Gingiv/o
A
Gums
24
Q
Combining Forms: Sialaden/o
A
Salivary Glands
25
Combining Forms: Sial/o
Saliva
26
Combining Forms: Ot/o
Ear
27
Combining Forms: Mandibul/o
Mandible, lower jaw
28
Combining Forms: Maxill/o
Maxilla, Upper jaw
29
Combining Forms: Pharyng/o
Pharynx/throat
30
Combining Forms: Nas/o
Nose
31
Combining Forms: Laryng/o
Larynx/ voicebox
32
Combining Forms: Fund/o
Fundus
33
Combining Forms: Corpor/o
Body
34
Combining Forms: Pylor/o
Pylorus
35
Combining Forms: Duoden/o
Duodenum
36
Combining Forms: Lumin/o
Lumen
37
Combining Forms: Jejun/o
Jejunum
38
Combining Forms: Ile/o
Ileum
39
Combining Forms: Plic/o
Plica, fold
40
Combining Forms: Vill/o
Villus
41
Combining Forms: Lip/o
Fat
42
Combining Forms: Lipid/o
Fat
43
Combining Forms: Col/o
Large intestine/colon
44
Combining Forms: Cec/o
Cecum
45
Combining Forms: Append/o
Appendix
46
Combining Forms: Appendic/o
Appendix
47
Combining Forms: Fec/a
Feces
48
Combining Forms: Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
49
Combining Forms: Rect/o
Rectum, straight
50
Combining Forms: An/o
Anus
51
Combining Forms: Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
52
Combining Forms: Adnex/o
Accessory
53
Combining Forms: Lob/o
Lobe
54
Combining Forms: Hepat/o
Liver
55
Combining Forms: Diaphragmat/o
Diaphragm
56
Combining Forms: Phren/o
Diaphragm
57
Combining Forms: Chol/e
Bile
58
Combining Forms: Bil/i
Bile
59
Combining Forms: Choledoch/o
Common Bile Duct
60
Combining Forms: Cholangi/o
Bile vessel
61
Combining Forms: Pancreat/o
Pancreas
62
Combining Forms: Gluc/o
Sugar/ glucose
63
Combining Forms: Amyl/o
Starch
64
Combining Forms: Halit/o
Breath
65
Combining Forms: Hemat/o
Blood
66
Combining Forms: Pyr/o
Fire
67
Combining Forms: Aphth/o
Ulceration
68
Combining Forms: Leuk/o
White
69
Combining Forms: Py/o
Pus
70
Combining Forms: Periton/o
Peritoneum
71
Combining Forms: Cirrh/o
Orange-yellow
72
Combining Forms: Lith/o
Stones
73
Combining Forms: Inguin/o
Groin
74
Combining Forms: Leiomy/o
Smooth muscle
75
Combining Forms: Aden/o
Gland
76
Combining Forms: Tom/o
section, cutting
77
Combining Forms: Hem/o
Blood
78
Combining Forms: Bi/o
Living
79
Combining Forms: Aliment/o
Nutrition
80
Combining Forms: Bar/o
Weight
81
Combining Forms: My/o
Muscle
82
Combining Forms: Ligat/o
Tying
83
Suffix: -stalsis
contraction
84
Suffix: -pepsia
digestion condition
85
Suffix: -phagia
Swallowing/eating
86
Suffix: -stomy
new opening
87
Suffix: -tomy
incision
88
Suffix: -ectomy
removal, excision
89
Suffix: -iasis
presence of
90
Suffix: -plasty
surgical repair
91
Suffix: -tresia
condition of an opening
92
Suffix: -chezia
condition of stools
93
Prefix: A-
Without, not , no
94
Prefix: An-
no, not, without
95
Prefix: Dys-
Difficult, bad
96
Prefix: Peri-
Surrounding
97
Prefix: Pre-
before, in front of
98
Prefix: Syn-
together, joined
99
Prefix: Trans-
through
100
Suffix: -emesis
Vomitting
101
Suffix: -crine
To secrete
102
Suffix: -kinin
movement substance
103
Prefix: Exo
Outside
104
Prefix: Endo
Within
105
Suffix: -plakia
Condition of patches
106
Suffix: -occlusion
Condition of closure
107
Combining Form: Hiat/o
An Opening
108
Suffix: -centesis
Surgical puncture
109
Combining form: plas/o
Formation, growth
110
Prefix: Hyper-
Excessive
111
Prefix: Hypo-
Below, deficient
112
Where does digestion begin?
Mouth, oral cavity
113
What is peristalsis?
The wave like motion of food moving through the digestive tract
114
What is a Bolis?
Chunk/clump of food
115
What does a sphincter do?
Closes/contracts to avoid regurgitation and releases to let food/substance pass
116
What does the esophageal sphincter do?
Prevents acid re-flux from stomach to mouth
117
What does the Pyloric sphincter do?
Releases food from stomach to small intestine
118
Combining Form: Lys/o
Breakdown
119
What does GI stand for?
Gastrointestinal
120
What does PUD stand for?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
121
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
122
What does IBS stand for?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
123
What does EGD stand for?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
124
What does HAV stand for?
Hepatitis A Virus
125
What does HBV stand for?
Hepatitis B Virus
126
What does IBD stand for?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
127
What does N&V stand for?
Nausea and vomitting
128
What does BM stand for?
Bowel Movement
129
What are adnexa?
Accessory Organs
130
What are the adnexa?
Gallbladder, liver, pancreas
131
What are the two things that make up bile?
Bilirubin and cholesterol
132
What is pyrosis?
Heartburn
133
What is dyspepsia?
Bloating, full aka indigestion
134
What is eructation?
Burp, belch
135
What is flatus?
Gas expelled through the anus
136
What is constipation?
Infrequent, incomplete, or delayed BM's
137
What is Irritable bowel syndrome?
Diarrhea, gas, and/or constipation resulting from stress with no underlying disease
138
What is halitosis?
Bad breath
139
What is hematemesis?
Vomitting blood
140
What is a hiccup?
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm
141
What is nausea?
Sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit not always resulting in vomitting
142
What is regurgitation?
Return of swallowed food to the mouth, or any backward flow in the body
143
What is expelled from vomitting?
Vomitus, or emesis
144
Define vomitting
Forced or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth
145
What is the other name for cavities?
Dental caries
146
What is the proper name for a cold sore or fever blister caused by HSV?
Herpetic Stomatitis
147
What is the proper term for a canker sore?
Aphthous Stomatitis
148
Define Cleft Palate
Failure of the palate to close during fetal development creating an opening in the roof of the mouth
149
What is another name for PUD?
Gastric or duodenal ulcers
150
What is GERD?
Flowing back, or return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by an inability of the Lower esophageal sphincter(LES) to contract normally, (characterized by heartburn/pyrosis w/ or w/o regurgitation into the mouth)
151
Define Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
152
Define melena
Dark/black tarry stool caused by partially digested blood
153
What is the fundus?
Top point of an organ
154
What is an anal fissure?
Crack in the anus
155
What is an incidental appendectomy?
When appendectomy is performed without presence of appendicitis
156
What is Crohn's disease?
Idiopathic disease characterized by the inflammation of the colon or the ileum
157
What does idiopathic mean?
There is no known reason for disease
158
What is a fistula?
Abnormal path/channel between organs or out to the surface of the body
159
Define Hemorrhoid
Varicose vein of the lower rectum or anus
160
Define Ileus
Obstruction
161
Define volvulus
Twisting of the intestine
162
Define Intussusception
inward telescoping of the intestines
163
What is IBD?
chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestine shown as bleeding and diarrhea
164
Define polyp
benign growth that may occur in the intestines
165
What is choledocholithiasis?
Presence of stones in the common bile duct
166
What is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver caused by numerous reasons, forms lettered A-G
167
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Direct contact with food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter
168
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Contaminated blood or sexual contact
169
How is hepatitis C transmitted?
Blood transfusion, sharing of infected needles, percutaneous inoculation
170
Define Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and sclerae(whites of the eye) caused by elevated bilirubin
171
Another word for jaundice
icterus
172
Cirrhosis?
Chronic degenerative disease of liver associated w/ alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, and biliary tract disorders
173
What is a hernia?
Protrusion on an organ
174
Barium Swallow?
Radiographic imaging after oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension to detect abnormalities of esophagus and stomach
175
Barium Enema?
Radiographic imaging after insertion of barium sulfate suspension through the rectum to detect obstructions, tumors and abnormalities of the lower digestive tract
176
What is a stool guaiac or hemoccult test?
Fecal specimen exam used to detect hidden blood that may indicate a GI bleed
177
What does hemoccult roughly mean by word origin?
Secret blood
178
Endoscopy?
Any viewing of the body within with an instrument called an endoscope
179
What are the two types of nutrition given thru feeding tubes?
Enteral and parenteral nutrition
180
Enteral nutrition ?
introduced through digestive structure
181
Parenteral nutrition
introduced through a structure outside of the alimentary canal, usually intravenously
182
Anastamosis?
new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures
183
What is a trocar and what is it used for?
Surgical instrument that is a sharp rod within a tube used to puncture a body cavity
184
What is created by a trocar?
"Port"
185
What are anorexiants?
appetite suppresants to aid in weight control
186
What are antacids?
A buffer of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of gerd, pyrosis and ulcers
187
What are Antidiarrheals?
reduce intestinal motility to relieve diarrhea symptoms
188
What are antiemetics?
Prevent or alleviate nausea and vomitting
189
What are GI stimulants?
promote motility of the smooth muscles in GI tract
190
What are H2RA's?
Reduce hydrochloric acid production in the stomach for moderate lasting acid suppresion
191
What does H2RA stand for?
Histamine2 receptor antogonists
192
What are Laxatives?
Promote evacuation of the bowel by increasing bulk of feces, softening stool, or lubricating intestinal walls
193
What are proton pump inhibitors?
Reduce production of hydrochloric acid for long lasting suppression of acid of disorders like GERD.
194
Mastication
Process of Chewing
195
Where does the breaking down of food start?
Stomach
196
Digestion
Process of breaking down
197
What happens in the intestines?
Nutrient absorption
198
What is defecation?
Getting rid of used food out of the body
199
What does dysphagia mean?
Trouble swallowing
