Chapter 5: Membrane Structure And Transport

Question 1

what is the plasma membrane structure?

Answer 1

phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol
proteins

Question 2

what are the two proteins in the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

integral and peripheral

Question 3

what is integral membrane protein?

Answer 3

protein all the way through the membrane

Question 4

what is the peripheral membrane protein?

Answer 4

proteins attached on the outside of the membrane. they are attached by bonds that are easily broken

Question 5

cholesterol is a steroid which is a type of

Answer 5

Lipid

Question 6

what can peripheral membrane proteins attached to?

Answer 6

outside or cytoplasm and use h bonds or ionic bonds

Question 7

cholesterol is inserted into the membrane so the 4 rings are next to the

Answer 7

fatty acid chains

Question 8

what does cholesterol give to the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

mechanical strength and maintains fluid because it has to be stiff enough to be a barrier but loose enough to move

Question 9

what are the 3 types of PM proteins?

Answer 9

peripheral
integrated
glycoproteins

Question 10

embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of pm

Answer 10

integral

Question 11

how can you remove integral membrane proteins?

Answer 11

destroy the membrane

Question 12

what are glycoproteins and location?

Answer 12

integral membrane proteins with sugars covalently attached to
part of protein with the sugar is located in the surface of the pm

Question 13

will glycoproteins ever be found in the cytoplasm surface?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what proteins are used to mark cells?

Answer 14

glycoprotein

Question 15

what are the functions of pm?

Answer 15

compartmentation- different jobs done in the cell. you put all enzymes need in that specific membrane
communication- with other cells and environment
transport

Question 16

what separates the living cell from the external environment?

Answer 16

Pm

Question 17

what is differently permeable?

Answer 17

membranes- only certain molecules can pass through it

Question 18

why does the lipid bilayer make a good barrier?

Answer 18

it’s hydrophobic
most chemicals in cell are hydrophilic so the can’t dissolve in hydrophobic areas

Question 19

most salts and biological are

Answer 19

hydrophilic

Question 20

what can’t hydrophilic molecules pass through?

Answer 20

hydrophobic layer

Question 21

what can’t sugars pass through by themselves?

Answer 21

lipid bilayer

Question 22

what substances can pass through a membrane without a transport protein?

Answer 22

substances that are pliable in the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer

Question 23

what molecules can pass through the pm?

Answer 23

water
small, uncharged (O2, CO2)
hydrophobic molecules (steroids)

Question 24

what molecules can’t pass through the pm?

Answer 24

charged ions
charged molecules
Large macromolecules
polar organic molecules (glucose)

Question 25

what is simple diffusion? gradient energy

Answer 25

substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration movement is down the gradient concentration no energy is needed

Question 26

what happens after diffusion?

Answer 26

equilibrium

Question 27

what is osmosis? energy

Answer 27

the diffusion of water moves water from a high concentration to a lower concentration no energy is needed

Question 28

what is concentration?

Answer 28

amount of solute in a certain volume % solution= # g solute in final volume of 100 ml

Question 29

a _ solute concentration = _ water concentration

Answer 29

high Low

Question 30

what is a concentrated solution?

Answer 30

high solute/ low water

Question 31

what is a dilute solution?

Answer 31

lower solute/ higher water

Question 32

what is hypertonic?

Answer 32

too much substance too little water

Question 33

what does high salt cause the cell to do?

Answer 33

shrivel up

Question 34

what is hypotonic?

Answer 34

too little substance too much water

Question 35

what is isotonic?

Answer 35

solute in and out are equal

Question 36

in what cells do cells burst?

Answer 36

animal not plants

Question 37

is dialysis tubing semipermeable?

Answer 37

yes so small molecules like water, salt and ions can pass through. it has little pores

Question 38

what can’t pass through dialysis tubing?

Answer 38

large organic molecules

Question 39

in simple diffusion which way will the solute move?

Answer 39

down it’s concentration gradient high to low

Question 40

where does the solute pass through in simple diffusion?

Answer 40

lipid part of membrane - no transport protein needed

Question 41

only substances that are soluble in the lipid bilayer can pass through the membrane by

Answer 41

simple diffusion ex: 02, C02, steroids

Question 42

what is facilitated diffusion? gradient energy

Answer 42

solute moves from a high concentration to a low concentration down its gradient no energy needed

Question 43

what solutes use facilitated diffusion?

Answer 43

non soluble solutes in lipid part of membrane ions, polar molecules, sugars, macromolecules

Question 44

what does facilitated diffusion require because it can’t pass directly through membrane?

Answer 44

transport protein

Question 45

in facilitated diffusion, chemicals must be transported in which direction?

Answer 45

the same- down the gradient

Question 46

what are the types of passive transport?

Answer 46

osmosis, simple and facilitated diffusion

Question 47

all passive transport move _ its concentration gradient and _ need an energy input

Answer 47

down doesnt

Question 48

what is active transport? gradient energy

Answer 48

solute moves from a low concentration to a high concentration moves against gradient energy required since it is against (atp, gtp, ion gradient, light, other high energy compounds

Question 49

does active transport need a transport protein?

Answer 49

yes- it is not solvable in lipid bilayer (ions, polar molecules, organic molecules)

Question 50

true or false: some molecules will use both facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Answer 50

yes- depending on which way it is moving

Question 51

types of active transport

Answer 51

direct and indirect

Question 52

what is direct active transport?

Answer 52

primary active transport solute moves from a low to a high concentration type of energy is usually atp, other high molecules, light

Question 53

what is indirect active transport?

Answer 53

secondary active transport two part system: protein one sets up an ion gradient across the membrane (H+ -ATPase or Na/K- ATPase) protein two uses ion gradient as a source of energy to transport substance across the membrane and against the gradient

Question 54

in indirect active transport, ion moves from high to low releasing

Answer 54

energy

Question 55

what are the types of transport proteins?

Answer 55

uniport- one chemical transported symport- two chemicals transported at the same time in the same direction antiport- two chemicals transported at the same time in opposite directions (either facilitated or active)

Question 56

what is exocytosis?

Answer 56

moves substance out of cell substance is packed into a vesicle which fuses with pm and the contents of vesicle are released outside of the cell

Question 57

energy transport for exocytosis?

Answer 57

gtp

Question 58

what are examples of exocytosis?

Answer 58

release of hormones and enzyme neurotransmitters

Question 59

what is endocytosis?

Answer 59

brings select substances into cell substances bind to receptor protein, in outside of pm which the pm invaginates and vesicle forms. then the vesicle is sent to lysosome and substance is broken down for subunits to be used k. Cell

Question 60

energy for endocytosis?

Answer 60

gtp