Chapter 5 - Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
Cartilage cells are also called…
A
chondrocytes
2
Q
Definition: Pseud-
A
False
3
Q
Definition: hist-
A
web, tissue (EX: histology - study of composition and function of tissues.)
4
Q
Cells in the inner linings of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems secrete abundant…
A
mucus
5
Q
Are weaker than collagenous fibers, but are easily stretches/deformed and will resume their original lengths and shapes when the force acting upon them is removed.
A
Elastic fibers
6
Q
Nervous tissue includes abundant
A
neuroglia
7
Q
Has a duct that branches repeatedly before reaching the secretory portion.
A
Compound gland
8
Q
The 4 tissue types are…
A
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
9
Q
Are highly branched and form delicate supporting networks in a variety of tissues.
A
Reticular fibers
10
Q
Fibrocartilage also cushions bones in the…
A
knees and in the pelvic girdle
11
Q
Is only in in the heart.
A
Cardiac muscle tissue
12
Q
Are farther apart than epithelial cells, and have abundant extracellular matrix between them.
A
Connective tissues
13
Q
Consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
14
Q
Has sparse collagenous fibers
A
loose connective tissue
15
Q
Dendrites respond by
A
transmitting electrical impulses along cellular processes called axons.
16
Q
Definition: hyla-`
A
Resemblance to glass (EX: hyaline cartilage)
17
Q
Lines the oral cavity.
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
18
Q
Thin collagenous fibers
A
Reticular fibers
19
Q
Channels that link cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
A
Gap junctions
20
Q
Cartilage tissue lacks…
A
direct blood supply
21
Q
Consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers; a fine network of elastic fibers; and a few cells, mostly fibroblasts.
A
Dense regular connective tissue
22
Q
Cartilage cells lie completely within the..
A
extracellular matrix
23
Q
Typically watery and has a high concentration of enzymes.
A
Serous fluid
24
Q
The three types of cartilage
A
Hyaline, Elastic, and FIbrocartilage
25
Histamine is a substance that promotes some of the reactions associated with
inflammation and allergies
26
Definition: chondr-
Cartilage (EX: chondrocyte - cartilage cell)
27
Are tightly packed.
Epithelial cells
28
Lines part of the nasal cavity.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
29
Found in inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines ureters & superior urethra.
Transitional epithelium
30
Rich in glycoprotein mucin.
Mucus
31
Divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons.
Neuroglia
32
Bloods includes three types of cells.
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular fragments called platelets.
33
Histamine stimulates inflammation by dilating the small...
arterioles that feed capillaries
34
Are important components of the body parts that hold structures together, such as ligaments and tendons.
Collagenous fibers
35
Includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.
Connective tissue proper
36
Cartilage cells occupy small chambers called...
Lacunae
37
Definition: adip-
Adipose tissue - tissue that stores fat
38
Underlies most layers of epithelium, where its many blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells.
Areolar connective tissue
39
As scavenger cells, they can clear foreign particles from tissues, providing an important defense against infection.
Macrophages
40
Hyaline cartilage is important in the development and growth of most...
bones.
41
The fibers are thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized
Dense irregular connective tissue
42
A rigid connective tissue
Cartilage
43
Originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.
Macrophages
44
Definition: Os-
Bone
45
Lines the small intestine.
Simple columnar epithelium
46
Cells of serous membranes secrete watery
serous fluid
47
Transitional epithelium forms a barrier that helps prevent contents of urinary tract from...
Diffusing back into internal environment.
48
Also release histamine
Mast cells
49
Are large and widely distributed in connective tissues; are usually near blood vessels.
Mast cells
50
Contractile; can shorten and thicken.
Muscle tissues
51
Definition: Phag-
To eat
52
Fibroblast and mast cells are considered...
fixed cells
53
Is found on the ends of bones in many joints, in the soft part of the nose, and in the supporting rings of the respiratory passages.
Hyaline cartilage
54
Deeper layers of stratified squamous epithelium are...
Cuboidal or columnar
55
Tissue containing abundant collagenous fibers is called
dense connective tissue
56
Forms muscles that usually attach to bones.
Skeletal muscle tissue
57
The three major types of epithelial membranes are...
serous, mucous, and cutaneous
58
Definition: -cyt
Cell (ex: osteaocyte- bone cell)
59
Smooth muscle tissues comprise the walls of...
hollow internal organs
60
Epithelium lines the...
Hollow organs
61
Intercellular junctions
Structures that connect cell membranes of certain cell types.
62
Definition: Strat-
Layer (EX: stratified epithelium - tissue with cells in layers.)
63
Reticular connective tissue helps prove the...
framework of certain organs
64
Noncilitated simple columnar epithelium lines the...
Uterus and portions of the digestive tract
65
Adipose tissue lies...
beneath the skin.
66
These fibers branch, forming complex networks in various tissues.
Elastic fibers
67
Also lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal.
Stratified squamous epithelium
68
Is found in the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin and surrounding organs.
Areolar connective tissue
69
Cannot be stimulated to contract by conscious effort.
Smooth muscle tissue
70
Simple columnar epithelium secretes...
Digestive fluids
71
Secrete their products into tissue fluids or blood.
Endocrine glands
72
Stratified columnar epithelium lines larger...
Ducts of exocrine glands
73
Form the inner lining of the thorax and abdomen and cover the organs in these cavities.
Serous membranes
74
Single layer of thin, flattened cells.
Simple squamous epithelium
75
Where one cell touches another cell is a specialized intercellular junction called an...
intercalated disk (seen only in cardiac tissue)
76
Epithelium forms the inner lining of...
Body cavities
77
Stratified columnar epithelium is found in parts of...
Male urethra
78
Line the body cavities that do not open to the outside.
Serous membranes
79
Line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.
Mucous membranes
80
A unicellular gland is a...
single secretory cell
81
True or false: substances pass easily through simple squamous epithelium.
True
82
Simple squamous epithelium is easily...
Damages
83
Is composed of protein fibers and a ground substance consisting of nonfibrous protein and other materials.
Extracellular matrix
84
A mucous membrane consists of...
Epithelium overlying a layer of areolar connective tissue.
85
Found in the attachments between bones of the spinal column.
Elastic connective tissue
86
Release fluid products by exocytosis.
Merocrine glands
87
Bone internally supports
body structures
88
The nuclei is usually near basement membrane in...
Simple columnar epithelium
89
In a TIGHT JUNCTION the membranes of adjacent cells...
Converge and fuse
90
Release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.
Mast cells
91
Secrete the products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as skin or lining of digestive tract.
Exocrine glands
92
Dense irregular connective tissue is in the...
Dermis
93
Is a shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure.
Fibrocartilage
94
Release entire cells
Holocene glands
95
Incoming signals stimulate neuro-cellular processes called...
dendrites
96
Specialized to change in response to increased
Transitional epithelium
97
Is composed of thin, reticular fibers in a three-dimensional network.
Reticular connective tissue
98
Tight junctions typically join cells that...
Form sheetlike layers
99
The three types of connective tissue fibers are...
Collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
100
Reduce friction between the organs and cavity walls.
Serous membranes
101
Tissues are
Layers or groups of similar cells with a common function.
102
Cubelike cells
Cuboidal cells
103
Stratified squamous epithelium cells nearest the free surface are...
Flattened the most
104
Adipose tissue cushions...
joints and some organs.
105
Terminal portions form saclike dilations.
Alveolar glands
106
Most blood cells form in special tissues in...
red marrow
107
Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells is called...
Simple
108
These fibers are thick threads of the protein collagen.
Collagenous fibers
109
Enable us to write, talk, sing, chew, swallow, and breathe.
Skeletal muscles
110
Lines ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
111
These large, star-shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
Fibroblasts
112
Other epithelial cell functions are...
Secretion, absorption, and excretion.
113
Consists of epithelial-lined tubules.
Tubular glands
114
Also called fat; develops when certain cells store fat in droplets in their cytoplasm.
Adipose connective tissue
115
Allow ions, nutrients, and other small molecules to pass through them.
Gap junctions
116
Epithelial membranes cover...
body surfaces
117
Elongated cells
Columnar cells
118
Are separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers that fibroblasts secrete.
Areolar connective tissue
119
Bone hardness is largely due to
Mineral salts between cells (such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)
120
Serous fluid helps
lubricate membrane surfaces
121
Composed of a single layer of cells that ar longer than they are wides.
Simple columnar epithelium
122
Definition: inter-
Among, between
123
Glandular epithelium cells are usually found within...
Columnar or cuboidal epithelium
124
Protects underlying tissues and forms structural models for many developing bones.
Cartilage
125
Elastic connective tissue is also in the layers within the walls of certain...
hollow internal organs
126
Simple squamous epithelium form the walls of...
Capillaries
127
Definition: -glia
Glue (EX: neuroglia - cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue)
128
Typically migrate from the blood through capillary walls to connective tissues.
White blood cells
129
Lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion.
Apocrine glands
130
Skeletal muscles move the...
Head, trunk, and limbs.
131
The two major categories of connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissues.
132
Simple columnar epithelium absorbs...
Nutrients from digested foods
133
Epithelium composed of two or more layers of cells is called...
Stratified epitelium
134
Definition: Stria-
Groove
135
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear _____ but are not.
Stratified or layered
136
Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids.
Glandular epithelium cells
137
Forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body.
Areolar connective tissue
138
Lines follicles of of the thyroid gland and covers ovaries, lines kidney tubules, and ducts of certain glands.
Simple cuboidal epitelium
139
Red blood cells transport...
Gasses
140
Are branched and interconnected
Cardiac muscle cells
141
A type of membrane composed entirely of connective tissues.
Synovial membrane
142
Desmosomes
Rivets or "spot welds" skin cells, enabling them to form a reinforced structural unit.
143
Are grouped in long, parallel bundles, and are flexible but only slightly elastic.
Collagenous fibers
144
Elastic cartilage provides the framework for the...
external ears and parts of the larynx
145
The three types of muscle tissue are...
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
146
Can be cilitated or noncilitated
Simple columnar epithelium
147
Are thin, flattened cells.
Squamous cells
148
The outermost layer of skin is called...
Epidermis
149
It protects vital structures in the cranial and thoracic cavities and is an attachment for muscles.
Bone
150
Simple cuboidal epithelium usually have spherical...
Nuclei
151
Binds, supports, and provides a medium through which substances may be transferred between blood and cells of the tissue.
The ground substance of extracellular matrix
152
A connective tissue composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matix called plasma.
Blood
153
The basic nervous tissue cells are called...
neurons
154
Move through and appear in tissues temporarily, usually in response to an injury or infection.
Wandering cells
155
One or more glandular epithelium cells constitutes a...
Gland
156
Definition: Neur-
Nerve
157
Most likely to allow substances to move from one cell to another.
Gap junction
158
The blood supply to dense regular connective tissue is...
poor.
159
Two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
160
Lines passages of respiratory system,
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
161
Skeletal muscles enable us to make
facial expressions
162
Platelets are involved in...
blood clotting
163
Lose connective tissue and dense connective tissue are more...
flexible
164
Specialized to carry on phagocytosis.
Macrophages
165
Red blood cells are the only type of blood cells that function...
entirely in the blood vessels
166
Epithelial membranes line...
body cavities
167
The cells of this tissue, mainly fibroblasts, are located some distance apart.
Areolar connective tissue
168
Simple squamous epithelium lines the insides of...
Blood and lymph vessels
169
Mucus cells and goblet cells secrete mucus but in.,.
different parts of the body.
170
Collagen is the major
structural protein of the body
171
Insulates beneath the skin and stores energy in fat molecules.
Adipose connective tissue
172
The dermis is the...
inner skin layer.
173
Basement membranes anchor...
Epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
174
More commonly called skin.
Cutaneous membrane
175
Comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue by weight.
Connective tissues
176
Its cells lack striations (cross-markings)
Smooth muscle tissue
177
The most abundant connective tissue fibers are...
Collagenous and elastic fibers
178
Provides support, frameworks, and attachements
Cartilage
179
The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissues.
FIbroblasts
180
Goblet cells within a mucous membrane secrete...
mucus.
181
The most rigid connective tissue.
Bone
182
Secrete a protective fluid called mucus.
Goblet cells
183
Consists of many layers of cells, is relatively thick.
Stratified squamous epithelium
184
Between elastic connective tissue are...
Collagenous fibers and fibroblasts
185
Lumen
Canal, duct or cavity of tubular organ.
186
Covers body surface and organs.
Epithelium
187
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly have...
Cilia
188
Each cardiac muscle cell has a single...
nucleus.
189
Superficial cells are elongated; basal layer consists of cube-shaped cells
Stratified columnar epithelium
190
Tissues can be distinguished from each other by variations in...
Size, shape, organization, and function.
191
Synovial membrane lines
joints.
192
Is more flexible than hyaline cartilage.
Elastic cartilage
193
Is abundant and is largely composed of collagenous fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance.
Cartilage extracellular matrix
194
They bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage.
Connective tissues
195
The cells that compromise muscle tissues are sometimes called...
muscle fibers
196
The most common type of cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage
197
Includes cartilage, bone, and blood.
Specialized connective tissues
198
Epithelial cells readily...
Divide
199
Definition: Squam-
Scale (EX: squamous epithelium - tissues with flattened or scalelike cells.)
200
White blood cells...
Fight infection
201
Are common in body parts normally subjected to stretching, such as vocal cords and air passages.
Elastic fibers
202
Definition: epi-
Upon, after, in addition (EX: epithelial tissue - tissue that covers all free body surfaces.)
203
A cartilaginous structure is enclosed in a covering of connective tissue called...
perichondrium
204
Are found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Nervous tissues
205
Protein found in dead outer skin layer.
Keratin
206
Are composed of a springlike protein called elastin.
Elastic fibers
207
A very tough tissue, has many collagenous fibers.
Fibrocartilage
208
Cells that reside in a specific connective tissue type for an extended period.
Fixed cells
209
The study of tissues is called...
Histology
210
Its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers
Elastic cartilage
211
When adipocytes become so abundant that they crowd out other cell types, they form...
Adipose connective tissue
212
Can continue to function without nervous stimulation.
Cardiac muscle
213
Forms pads (intervertebral disks) between the individual bones (vertebrae) of the spinal column.
Fibrocartilage
214
Is part of membranes that line and cover the viscera.
Simple squamous epithelium
215
Mainly consists of yellow, elastic fibers in parallel strands or in branching networks.
Elastic connective tissue
216
Simple squamous epithelium is common at sites of...
Filtration and diffusion
217
Definition: macr-
Large
218
Communicates with the surface by means of a duct that does not branch by reaching the glandular cells or secretory portin.
A simple gland
219
Thin, nonliving layer.
Basement membrane
220
Thin structures that are usually composed of epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
Epithelial membranes
221
A multicellular gland is a...
gland that consists of many cells
222
Some, such as bone and cartilage, are rigid.
Connective tissues
