CHAPTER 6! Flashcards
(37 cards)
Learning
Lasting change in behavior due to experience
Conditioning
is learning associations between events
Classical conditioning
Is learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
Pavlos Experiment
Teaching the dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell. Done through conditioning
Neutral Stimulus
Something that does not cause the dogs to salivate (the bell)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning (meat makes the dogs salivate naturally)
Unconditioned response
An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs to unlearned conditioning (drooling automatically)
Conditioning
Pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditional stimulus (every time you give the dogs food ring the bell)
Conditioning stimulus
previously neutral stimulus through conditioning evokes a conditioned response (the bell became the conditioned stimulus after being paired with food. Initially neutral, it eventually triggered salivation (conditioned response) on its own.)
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Conditioned response
Now when we ring the bell the dogs salivate
Acquisition
The formation of a new conditioned response tendency: acquisition occurred when the dog learned to associate the bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus), leading to salivation (conditioned response).
Extinction
The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response (taking the bell away the dogs won’t salivate)
Spontaneous Recovery
IS when an extinguished conditioned stimulus suddenly elicits a conditioned response again when there is a period between trials. (The dogs remember the relation between the bell and food faster)
John Watson
Father of modern behaviorism
Stimulus Discrimination
The ability to tell the difference between a conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli that don’t trigger the conditioned response. (For example, a dog salivating to a specific bell tone but not to other sounds.)
Operant Conditioning
A form of learning where voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences
Skinner box
Various ways to punish/reward
A controlled environment used by B.F. Skinner to study operant conditioning. It usually contains a lever or button for an animal to press, and it provides a reward (like food) or punishment based on the animal’s behavior.
Aquisition…
refers to the initial stage of learning some pattern of responding
Operant conditioning is usually established through a gradual process called…
Shaping, which involves the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response (For example, rewarding a rat for moving toward a lever, then for touching it, and finally for pressing it.)
Extinction
Reinforcement is sopped
primary reinforcer and secondary
primary: Things for biological needs (food, shelter, sex)
Secondary: Acquired more through learning or conditioning (stomach growling, low energy when hungry)
Schedule of Reinforcement
determines the frequency in which a specific response will result in the presentation of a reinforcer (2 types: Continuous and intermittent)
Continuous Reinforcement
Occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced. This is the simple schedule
Intermittent renforcement
Occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time
