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CPT7 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardio respiratory system

A

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs and airways

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A system of the body, aka the circulatory system, that transports blood to tissues of the body

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3
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle of the heart

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6
Q

Smooth muscle

A

An involuntary nonstriated muscle type that is found in organs

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7
Q

Atrium (atria)

A

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart

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8
Q

Ventricle

A

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body

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9
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells

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10
Q

Resting Heart Rate (RHR)

A

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest

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11
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat

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12
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles

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13
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

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14
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction

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15
Q

End-systolic volume

A

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection

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16
Q

Heart rate (HR)

A

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 min)

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17
Q

Bradycardia

A

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute

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18
Q

Tachycardia

A

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute

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19
Q

Cardio output (Q)

A

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate x stroke volume)

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20
Q

Blood

A

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney)

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21
Q

Growth factors

A

Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid growth and development, and help with healing after injury

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22
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells

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23
Q

Blood vessels

A

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

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24
Q

Arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs

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25
Veins
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs
26
Arterioles
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries
27
Angiogenesis
The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels
28
Venous pooling
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow through the veins (venous return) or backflow
29
Venules
Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins
30
Vasculogenesis
The formation of new capillaries
31
Blood pressure (BP)
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic
32
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure
33
Respiratory system
A bodily system, aka the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs into the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles
34
Peripheral resistance
The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow
35
Respiratory pump
Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow for proper respiratory mechanics as well as pumping blood back to the heart during inspiration
36
Inspiration
The process of contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body
37
Expiration
The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body
38
Valsalva maneuver
A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability
39
Diffusion
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body
40
Tachypnea
Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per min
41
Bradypnea
Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per min
42
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or labored breathing
43
Diaphragmatic breathing
Breathing deeply by allowing the expansion of the abdominal area
44
Lipolysis
The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy
45
Glands
Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body
46
Enzyme
A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change
47
Hormone
Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to the cells to activate a specific function
48
Target (receptor) cell
Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme; target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated
49
Hypothalamus
A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland
50
Pineal gland
A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which help regulate sleep cycles
51
Pancreas
An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices
52
Thyroid gland
An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin
53
Pituitary gland
An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone
54
Adrenal gland
A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol
55
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism
56
Reproductive glands
Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions
57
Glucagon
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin
58
Substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate
59
Growth hormone
An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development
60
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response
61
Catabolic
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy
62
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (protein and fat)
63
Over training
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which also causes by a lack of proper rest & recovery
64
Testosterone
A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics
65
Anabolic
Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues
66
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)
Anabolic hormones produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development
67
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest
68
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density
69
Glucose intolerance
A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels
70
Gallbladder
An organ found below the liver, on the right side of the body, that receives bile from the liver and secretes it into the duodenum
71
Liver
An organ in the upper-right abdominal cavity with numerous functions, including the production and secretion of bile, which is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder prior to release into the duodenum
72
Motility
In the digestion system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through
73
Mastication
The mechanical process whereby the oral muscles break down food
74
Peristalsis
The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion
75
Digestion
Multi step process that describes the passage of food through the body
76
Absorption
The process of nutrients being absorbed into the body during the digestive process
77
Esophagus
The anatomical part of the digestive tract that allows food to pass from oral cavity to stomach
78
Ingestion
The act of taking food, liquid, or other substances into the body in preparation for digestion
79
Duodenum
Part of the small intestine that resides between the stomach and the jejunum
80
Jejunum
Part of the small intestine that resides between the duodenum and the illeum
81
Chyme
A semifluid mass of digested food that is passed from the stomach to small intestine
81
Illeum
The final section of the small intestine, located between the jejunum and the cecum and leads to the large intestine
82
Chyme
A semifluid mass of digested food that is passed from the stomach to small intestine
83
Primary source of energy during vigorous exercise
Carbohydrates
84
Right side of the heart
Pulmonic side
85
Primary role of respiratory system
To ensure proper cellular function

CPT7 (9 decks)

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