Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thought to be blending – equal parts mother and father

A

Inheritance

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2
Q

each individual has two gene copies at each locus

A

LoS

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3
Q

The F1 purple flowers received and retained parental variation

A

Law of Segregation

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4
Q

Each individual with 2 factors (genes)

A

Law of Segregation

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5
Q

Also established dominant nd recessive traits

A

Law of Segregation

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6
Q

Allele passed down at one locus was independent of that at another
Now – only in unlinked loci

A

Law of Independent Assortment

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7
Q

If flower color and wrinkled vs. smooth seeds are unlinked can select for purple without regard for seed coat

A

NS

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8
Q

would reduce variation

A

Blending

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9
Q

would preserve variation

A

Particulate

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10
Q

If a new, beneficial mutation arises, it would be swamped in the next generation
- this disappears with

A

particulate inheritance

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11
Q

different versions of a gene at a locus

A

alleles

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12
Q

location on a chromosome

A

locus

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13
Q

combination of alleles at a given locus

A

genotype

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14
Q

same 2 copies

A

homozygotes

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15
Q

different copies

A

heterozygotes

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16
Q

heterozygote is intermediate

A

codominant

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17
Q

Control rate of RNA transcription

A

Regulatory Elements

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18
Q

Most change is here

A

Regulatory Elements

19
Q

Enhancers – increase rates

Silencers – decrease rate

A

Regulatory Elements

20
Q

Change in base in DNA

Provides raw material for NS

A

Mutation and Variation

21
Q

no change in amino acid

A

synonymous or silent mutation

22
Q

purine to purine, pyrimidine to pyrimidine

A

Transition

23
Q

purine to pyrimidine or vise versa

A

Transversion

24
Q

causes a change in amino acids

A

Missense Mutation

25
Q

Stop codon in middle of gene

A

Nonsense Mutation

26
Q

Genetic dwarfism in cattle, cystic fibrosis (CFTR, rarer than missense or deletions)

A

Nonsense Mutation

27
Q

Add or take away base pairs

A

Insertions and Deletions

28
Q

multiple of three

A

In-frame

29
Q

lose or gain AA, change protein

A

In-frame

30
Q

changes reading frame

A

Frameshift

31
Q

new series of AA

A

Frameshift

32
Q

copy 1 or more genes

A

Gene duplications

33
Q

whole genome (change in ploidy)

A

Chromosomal duplications

34
Q

sections lost

A

Chromosomal deletions

35
Q

(move to another chromosome)

A

Translocation

36
Q

(flip sections)

A

Inversions

37
Q

are random and so are there effects

A

mutations

38
Q

a change in environment does not lead to favorable ones

- they have to have been there

A

mutations

39
Q

Vary by tissue, species, higher taxon, nucleotide to nucleotide, and along chromosome

A

mutation rates

40
Q

in mutation rates. microbes ________ with genome size

A

decreases

41
Q

in mutation eukaryotes _____

A

increases

42
Q

mother may have effect on offspring based on her condition

A

Maternal effects -Sources of Variation

43
Q

more rare but possible

A

Paternal effecrs -Sources of Variation

44
Q

present at birth
Due to genes, maternal effects and environment
Must be able to tease out genetic and other effects

A

congenital difference- Sources of Variation