Topic 14

Question 1

A type of methodological species concept

• a species is a group of organisms conforming to a common morphological plan, emphasizing the species as an essentially static, non variable assemblige
• not effective meahthod, doesnt take variation into account

Answer 1

Typological

Question 2

A type of methodological species concept
-Wheeler and Platnick version- the smallest aggregation of (sexual) populations or (asexual) lineages diagnosable by a unique combination of character states.

Answer 2

Phylogenic species concept (PSC)

Question 3

groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups (Mayr)

Answer 3

Biological species concept (BSC)

Question 4

an enitity composed of organisms that maintains its identity from other such entities through time and over space an that has its own independent evolutionary fate and historical tendencies.

Answer 4

Evolutionary species concept (ESC)

Question 5

interacting populations

Answer 5

Metapopulations

Question 6

one large population that gets isolated into two or more-some barrier splits the population

• population adapt to local conditions
• become different enough that they dont interbreed
• probably most common

Answer 6

allopatric speciation

ex/snapping shrimp and Isthmus

Question 7

breaks off from original, special case of allopatry

• adaptive landscapes
• the colony undergoes a shift between peaks
• can climb back up different hill
• uses genetic drift

Answer 7

peripatric

Question 8

some kind of selecting gradient splits species

-if your only half good at one thing and half good at the other, this could cause you to be disadvantages in both

Answer 8

Parapatric

Question 9

species separate together

-no geography boundary

Answer 9

Sympatric

ex/chiclids and apple magot flies

Question 10

• deter mating
• prevent fertilization from occurring
• may look alike but call could be different

Answer 10

prezygotic isolating mechanisms

ex/lacewings, urchin

Question 11

• decrease survivability
• hybrids happen but have reduced fitness
• female doesnt like call

Answer 11

postzygotic isolating mechanisms

ex/ epichna niponica, grasshoper

Question 12

breed at different times

Answer 12

temporal isolation

Question 13

breed on different hosts

Answer 13

habitat isolation

Question 14

dont recognize other as same species

Answer 14

behavorial isolation

Question 15

plants with different pollinators and different morphologies because of it

Answer 15

pollinator isolation

Question 16

genitaia in insects might not match and male gamets not transferred

Answer 16

mechanical isolation

Question 17

fertilization fails because of behavior during mating or genialia stimulate properly

Answer 17

copulatory behavior isolation

Question 18

gametes fail to unite

ex/urchin

Answer 18

gametic isolation

Question 19

hybrid fitness depends on context

Answer 19

extrinsic

Question 20

hybrids dont have a niche

Answer 20

ecological inviability

Question 21

hybrids less successful in obtaining mates

Answer 21

behavorial sterality

Question 22

hybrid fitness always low

Answer 22

intrinsic

Question 23

hybrids dont survive

Answer 23

hybrid inviability

Question 24

structual differences in chromosomes can cause incorect number of genes (aneuoliody) in meiosis

Answer 24

hybrid sterality

Question 25

sterility may be limited to the heterogametic sex

Answer 25

Haldane’s rule

Question 26

clearly an ape, but lacked the limb mobility of brachiators

Answer 26

Proconsul

Question 27

what makes a Hominin

Answer 27

Bipedalism and loss of shredding canines and other dental changes

Question 28

shred increasing number of physical and physiological characters with us

• bipedal
• Lucy

Answer 28

Arachaic Hominins

Question 29

Large attatchment sites for chewing muscles

Answer 29

Megadont Archaic Humans

Question 30

resoned that people that the overlapped with Neanderthals would have their DNA if we interbred

Answer 30

Paabo

Question 31

only recognized in 2010 from genetic data

• sister to Neanderthals and interbred
• some interbreeding with H sapiens.

Answer 31

Denisovans