Chapter 6

Question 1

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 1

A stimulus that has no meaning to an organism

Question 2

What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 2

Evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning

Question 3

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 3

an unlearned action that follows an unconditioned stimulus

Question 4

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 4

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response

Question 5

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 5

A learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of a previous conditioning

Question 6

What is a elicited response?

Answer 6

A response that is drawn forth/forced more or less

Question 7

What does aversion mean?

Answer 7

Bad

Question 8

What does appetitive mean?

Answer 8

Good

Question 9

What’s aversion conditioning?

Answer 9

(Garcia)

Learning to hate what you once loved

Little Albert (JB Watson)

Question 10

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 10

The slow deconditioning of phobias

Question 11

What is flooding or exposure in aversive conditioning?

Answer 11

Sudden overwhelm of exposure to fear

Question 12

What is acquisition?

Answer 12

The initial stage of learning something

Question 13

What is extinction?

Answer 13

Gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response

(suppresses doesn’t destroy)

Question 14

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 14

The appearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure

Question 15

What is the renewal effect?

Answer 15

If the response is distinguished in a different environment than it was learned, then when the organism is brought back to the original environment-It will repeat

Question 16

What excitement is J.B. Watson known for when it comes to classical conditioning?

Answer 16

Little Albert

Forcing an orphan to fear things he once loved using a tuning fork and a rat

Question 17

What is generalization?

Answer 17

Conditioned stimulus can be slightly changed and have the same effects

Question 18

What is discrimination?

Answer 18

Conditioned stimulus is very specific and only is elicited from a specific stimulus

Question 19

What is higher order conditioning?

Answer 19

When a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus

Question 20

What experiment is is Edward Thorndike know for when it comes to Operant conditioning?

Answer 20

The cat in the box excitement and it remembering how to get out

Question 21

What is instrumental conditioning/operant conditioning?

Answer 21

When a behavior is either rewarded or shown disdain for

Question 22

What is the law of effect?

Answer 22

The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the pond

Question 23

What excitement is Ivan Pavlov associated with?

Answer 23

Classical conditioning on dogs

Question 24

What experiment is BF Skinner most associated with when it comes to operant conditioning?

Answer 24

The Skinner box with the rats or pigeons

Question 25

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 25

When rewards and punishments are given

Question 26

What is reinforcement?

Answer 26

When an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that response

Question 27

What is a Skinners box?

Answer 27

Think of rats

Question 28

What is shaping – successive approximations? (what about bob's baby steps)

Answer 28

ask

Question 29

What problems may occur with delayed reinforcement?

Answer 29

The organism may not pick up between the connection of the behavior and treat

Question 30

What is primary reinforcement?

Answer 30

Events that are inheriting only reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs

Question 31

What are secondary/conditioned reinforcer's?

Answer 31

Events that require reinforcing qualities by associating them with the primary reinforcers

Question 32

Awhat is positive reinforcement?

Answer 32

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus

Question 33

What is a negative reinforcement?

Answer 33

When a response is strengthened because it's followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimuli

Question 34

What is avoidance learning?

Answer 34

When an organism requires a response that prevent some of versus simulations from occurring

Question 35

What is a escape learning?

Answer 35

When an organism requires a response that decreases or under a bad situation from happening

Question 36

What is positive punishment?

Answer 36

When an aversive follows the stimulus

Question 37

What is negative punishment?

Answer 37

When the removal of anniversary of follows the stimulus

Question 38

What is a fixed schedule ratio?

Answer 38

Reinforced after a fixed number of responses

Question 39

What is a variable schedule ratio?

Answer 39

Reinforcement after very numbers of responses

Question 40

What is a fixed schedule interval?

Answer 40

Reinforcement of the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed

Question 41

What is a variable schedules interval?

Answer 41

Reinforcement a first response after a very long time

Question 42

What is observational learning

Answer 42

Learning through modeling behavior from others

Question 43

What is the key processes of of observational learning?

Answer 43

Observational learning + operant conditioning = social learning theory

Question 44

Who is Albert Bandura and how is he significant to the Bobo doll?

Answer 44

He created an experiment that showed weather aggression is observational learning or genetics.

Question 45

What is aversion conditioning?

Answer 45

Learning to hate what you once loved

Question 46

Who is John Garcia?

Answer 46

He deals with a virgin conditioning

Question 47

What is taste aversion?

Answer 47

It's one the man, Martin segment, went out with his wife and enjoy the steak with Bernis sauce. But he had a flu so he threw up a lot after eating it and can't eat it anymore

Question 48

What is preparedness?

Answer 48

It's the idea that specific species are predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others

Question 49

What is shaping-successive approximations?

Answer 49

Bobs baby steps When the pigeon had to make baby steps when trying to be trained to make a 360• circle. He would be rewarded throughout little by little.

Question 50

What is instinctive drift?

Answer 50

When instincts over power the training

Question 51

What is the famous example of instinctive conditioning?

Answer 51

When brelands trained the raccoons to put change into a piggy bank, but their instincts-from rubbing food together- overcame that training