chapter 6

Question 1

most cells range between what sizes

Answer 1

1-10 um

Question 2

what cells are typically bigger? prokaryote or eukaryote?

Answer 2

eukaryote

Question 3

True or False: All eukaryotic organisms are multicellular

Answer 3

false (fungi is unicellular)

Question 4

True or False: All cells have a nucleus

Answer 4

false

Question 5

True or False: All cells have a chromosome

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what are the structures that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?

Answer 6

plasma membrane
chromosomes
ribosomes

Question 7

what are the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus, numerous membrane bound organelles that are within the cytoplasm

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

region of the the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 9

what is the purpose of membrane compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

provides local environments embedded with enzymes, for specific metabolic functions

Question 10

what is the purpose of the nucleus

Answer 10

contains genetic information

Question 11

what is the purpose of the nuclear envelope

Answer 11

double membrane contains pores

Question 12

what is the location and the purpose of the nuclear lamina

Answer 12

surrounds inner layer of the nuclear membrane. Provides structural support for the nucleus

Question 13

what is the purpose of the nucleolus

Answer 13

dense structure that synthesizes ribosomal RNA which combines with proteins to make ribosomal subunits

Question 14

what is the purpose of the chromosomes

Answer 14

structures that carry genetic information

Question 15

what is chromatin

Answer 15

complex of one long DNA molecule associated with many proteins

Question 16

when are chromosomes visible individually

Answer 16

when they are condensed in dividing cells

Question 17

what is the purpose of the ribosomes

Answer 17

complexes of ribosomal RNA and proteins that carry out protein synthesis within the cytoplasm

Question 18

where are ribsomes assembled

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

How are ribosomes transported to the cytoplasm

Answer 19

through nuclear pores

Question 20

are ribosomes organelles?

Answer 20

no, doesnt have a membrane

Question 21

where are free ribosomes located and what is their function

Answer 21

located in cytosol.

they synthesize proteins that are used within they cytosol

Question 22

what are bound ribosomes

Answer 22

they are attached to the ER or nuclear envelope to synthesize proteins found within membranes, packaged into organelles

Question 23

what is the function of the Endomembrane system

Answer 23

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Question 24

how are organelles connected in a cell

Answer 24

connected directly or connected via tiny membrane vesticles

Question 25

what are the functions of the endomembrane system

Answer 25

detoxification lipid synthesis, metabolism and movement synthesis and transport of proteins into membranes, organelles, or out of the cell

Question 26

what is the purpose of the cisternae

Answer 26

network of interconnected tubules or compartments in the ER/Golgi

Question 27

lumen

Answer 27

different environment inside of the cisternae

Question 28

what does the rough ER look like

Answer 28

ribosomes attached o the cytoplasic side of cisternae

Question 29

functions of rough ER

Answer 29

synthesis of proteins addition of carbohydrates assembly of phospholipids and proteins

Question 30

smooth ER

Answer 30

lacks ribosomes and holds enzymes

Question 31

what are the functions of the enzymes in the smooth ER

Answer 31

synthesis of lipids carbohydrate metabolism detoxification

Question 32

what is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 32

shipping and receiving center of a cell

Question 33

Cis face of Golgi

Answer 33

where transport vesicles go to golgi

Question 34

trans face of golgi

Answer 34

where transport vesicles bud off from the Golgi

Question 35

what is the purpose of the lysosome

Answer 35

digestive compartments within the cell

Question 36

what is the pH of the lysosome

Answer 36

pH--5 acidic

Question 37

endosymbiont theory

Answer 37

eukaryotic cells engulf oxygenized-photosynthetic prokaryote and it merged into a single organism with a mitochondrion

Question 38

evidence of endosymbiont theory

Answer 38

mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane

Question 39

mitochondria

Answer 39

converts molecules into ATP

Question 40

the inner membrane divides the mitochondria into what 2 parts?

Answer 40

intermembrane space | matrix

Question 41

chloroplasts

Answer 41

convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 42

stroma

Answer 42

fluid inside the inner membrane that contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes

Question 43

thylakoid membranes

Answer 43

another membrane system in chloroplasts that contain photosynthetic enzymes

Question 44

granum

Answer 44

stack of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

Question 45

peroxisomes

Answer 45

membrane bounded metabolic compartments that use enzymes to produce H2O2

Question 46

why are peroxisomes not part of the endomembrane system

Answer 46

they aren't fully within the cell

Question 47

what is the cytoskeleton and its functions

Answer 47

network of protein fibers cell motility mechanical signals cell shape

Question 48

what are the 3 types of cytoskeletons

Answer 48

microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments

Question 49

cytokinesis

Answer 49

diving cytoplasm

Question 50

what is the size order of the cytoskeletons form small to large

Answer 50

microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules

Question 51

what is the shape of microfilaments

Answer 51

hallow

Question 52

what is the function of microfilaments

Answer 52

moving organelles chromosome movement found within cilia and flagella

Question 53

what is the function of intermediate filaments

Answer 53

muscle contraction cell division found in microvilli

Question 54

what is the shape of intermediate filaments

Answer 54

2 intertwined strands

Question 55

what is the function of intermediate microtubules

Answer 55

anchor nucleus

Question 56

what is the shape of intermediate microtubules

Answer 56

coiled thick cables

Question 57

purpose of mechanical signaling pathways

Answer 57

relay info about changes of inside and outside of the cell

Question 58

what is the purpose of ECM

Answer 58

protection and to keep things out

Question 59

what is the purpose of tight junctions

Answer 59

prevent fluid from moving across layer of cells--SEAL

Question 60

desmosomes

Answer 60

anchoring junctions that hold sides together

Question 61

gap junctions

Answer 61

protein lines pores that exchange ions and small molecules between cells

Question 62

True or False: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have the same general function: to convert energy into a usable form for the cell

Answer 62

true

Question 63

True or False: A plant that has chloroplasts does not need mitochondria.

Answer 63

false