Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System Notes

Question 1

Functions of the cardiovascular system:

Answer 1

Circulates blood through body in order to deviler oxygen and eliminate waste products.

Waste products are delivered to lungs for removal of CO2 (respiratory).

Kidneys filter out waste in blood and removes waste via the urinary system.

Also removes waste through integumentary system thru sweat.

Question 2

Epicardium

Answer 2

AKA pericardium. Innermost layer of pericardium.

Question 3

Myocardium

Answer 3

Middle muscular layer. Literally translates to “heart muscle”.

Question 4

Endocardium

Answer 4

Lines inner chambers & covers valves

Question 5

What are the three main layers of the heart wall?

Answer 5

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium (From superficial to deep)

Question 6

Two types of chambers?

Answer 6

Atria and ventricles

Question 7

Atria

Answer 7

Receives blood from veins (upper chambers)

Question 8

Ventricles

Answer 8

Pumps blood to lungs & to the rest of the body (lower chambers)

Question 9

What are the two types of heart valves?

Answer 9

Atrioventricular and semilunar

Question 10

Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 10

Also called AV valves. The tricuspid (between right atrium and right ventricle) and bicuspid/mitral (between left atrium and left ventricle) valves are AV valves.

Question 11

Semilunar Valves

Answer 11

Pulmonary (Pulmonary artery) and aortic (aortic artery) valves.

Question 12

Two types of circulation?

Answer 12

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

Question 13

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 13

Occurs in right side of the heart. Deoxygenated blood goes from the heart, to the lungs to get oxygenated, and back to the heart to get pumped through the body by systemic circulation.

Question 14

Systemic Circulation

Answer 14

Occurs in the left side of the heart. Oxygenated blood goes from the heart and to the body cells to deliver oxygen, then goes back to the heart as deoxygenated. It then goes through pulmonary circulation to get oxygenated.

Question 15

Blood Pressure

Answer 15

Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery/vein. It is written as a ratio. BP (Blood Pressure) is measured in mm/Hg (millimeters of mercury)

Question 16

Normal adult blood pressure

Answer 16

Systolic = 90-140 over diastolic = 60-90

Question 17

Systolic BP

Answer 17

Ventricles contracting

Question 18

Diastolic BP

Answer 18

Ventricles relaxing

Question 19

Sphygmomanometer

Answer 19

Tool to measure blood pressure. Consists of an inflatable blood pressure cuff and a gauge.

Question 20

Coronary arteries

Answer 20

Arteries branching directly off the aorta. They supply the heart with oxygen. There is not much vessel branching here, which makes plaque buildup more problematic.

Question 21

Muscle mass of atria and ventricles?

Answer 21

Atria hardly has any muscle. They have very thin walls. In dissection, the atria will look deflated on top of the ventricles.
Ventricles have a lot more muscle. Thicker walls.

Question 22

Difference between myocardial infraction in left coronary arteries vs right coronary arteries?

Answer 22

MI in the right coronary artery is less harmful than the left coronary artery because right atrium and ventricle goes to lungs which is closer, while the left atrium and ventricle requires a lot more power to go all over the body and back to the heart.

Question 23

2 types of cholesterol? Which one is bad and which one is good?

Answer 23

HDL and LDL. LDL is bad, HDL is good.

Question 24

What does HDL stand for?

Answer 24

High Density Lipoprotein

Question 25

What does LDL stand for?

Answer 25

Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 26

What should your total cholesterol be?

Answer 26

Below 200. This is the number of HDLs and LDLs added together.

Question 27

Where can cholesterol info be found?

Answer 27

Blood chemistry profile

Question 28

What is cholesterol levels based on?

Answer 28

Diet

Question 29

Foods high in HDL

Answer 29

Greens, beans, grains, healthy foods

Question 30

Foods high in LDL

Answer 30

Fats, sugars, oils, animal proteins

Question 31

Job of LDLs

Answer 31

When there is damage by HBP to the vessel walls, LDL is sent to repair it by absorbing into the walls.

Question 32

job of HDLs

Answer 32

HDL takes out LDL once repairs are done

Question 33

Consequences of higher levels of LDL compared to HDL?

Answer 33

High LDL levels and not enough HDL causes LDLs to build up and be permanently stuck to the walls, causing plaque buildup. The body identifies LDL buildup as a new growth/tumor and WBC go to check it out. They get stuck to it and cause more buildup.

Question 34

Atheroma

Answer 34

Non-malignant lump that starts as LDL buildup and grows because of WBC buildup.