Chapter 8 Digestive System Guided Notes

Question 1

Function of Digestive System

Answer 1

Physical and chemical breakdown of food so it can be used by the body

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Breakdown of food

Question 3

Ingestion

Answer 3

Intake of food and liquids

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

Movement of nutrients into bloodstream

Question 5

Elimination

Answer 5

Removal of waste from body

Question 6

Salivary glands

Answer 6

Parotid gland, sublingual gland, submandibular gland

Question 7

Small intestine pathway

Answer 7

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 8

Large intestine pathway

Answer 8

Cecum/appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anus

Question 9

Physical change

Answer 9

What you start with and the product is chemically the same but physically different

Question 10

Chemical change

Answer 10

Breaking of chemical bonds; product is completely different from starting material

Question 11

Mastication

Answer 11

Chewing (is a physical change)

Question 12

Deglutition

Answer 12

Swallowing

Question 13

Amylase

Answer 13

Enzyme in saliva that breaks bonds of food (is a chemical change)

Question 14

Peristalsis

Answer 14

Slow/wave-like contraction of smooth muscle

Question 15

Salivary glands

Answer 15

Parotid gland, sublingual gland, submandibular gland

Question 16

Gastric acid

Answer 16

AKA hydrochloric acid. Acid in stomach.

Question 17

Rugae

Answer 17

Fold in the stomach wall that makes the wall 3x thicker than the rest of the stomach. This is to protect from hydrochloric acid.

Question 18

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 18

In thelarge and small intestines, through many capillaries. Nutrients/ fluid is directly absorbed into bloodstream.

Question 19

Mouth

Answer 19

Receives food into the oral cavity as it is tasted and broken down by the teeth (mastication)

Question 20

Teeth

Answer 20

Hard structures in the mouth that break down food by chewing (mastication)

Question 21

Tongue

Answer 21

muscular organ that contains taste buds. Aids in chewing/swallowing (degultition)

Question 22

Function of salivary glands

Answer 22

Secretes amylase that aids in chemical breakdown of starchy foods

Question 23

Pharynx

Answer 23

Throat. Carries food, liquid, and air.

Question 24

3 sections of pharynx

Answer 24

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 25

Esophagus

Answer 25

Muscular tube that carries food to the stomach using peristalsis

Question 26

Stomach

Answer 26

Receives food from the esophagus.

Question 27

How long does food stay in the stomach for?

Answer 27

1-4 hours

Question 28

Small intestine

Answer 28

Process of digestion is completed here.

Question 29

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 29

17-20 feet long and an inch in diameter

Question 30

Colon

Answer 30

Large intestine. Absorbs liquids/water and remaining indigestible materials (feces), which is excreted through anus

Question 31

How long is the colon

Answer 31

5 ft long and 2 inches in diameter

Question 32

Rectum

Answer 32

Last part of large intestine that stores waste before it passes through anus

Question 33

Feces

Answer 33

Stool/poop. Indigestible waste expelled through anus

Question 34

Liver

Answer 34

Located in RUQ. Stores nutrients, breaks down fats and helps remove waste from body, converts glycogen to glucose for energy, makes bile.

Question 35

Gallbladder

Answer 35

Stores and concentrates bile. Is a small sac inferior to liver

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

Produces enzymes for digestion and neutralizes acid.

Question 37

Pathway of food

Answer 37

Oral cavity/mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus