Chapter 8 Digestive Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

Appendicitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of appendix….Lower Right Quadrant; laparoscopic appendectomy to treat. Appendix can rupture, causing fluids to leak everywhere and cause infection. Fatal.

Question 2

Laparoscopic appendectomy

Answer 2

Minimally invasive.
Uses only 3 pieces of equipment- a camera, a grabber, and an instrument that blows air into abdominal cavity, Heat tool is used instead of cutting to cauterize.
This way of appendectomy reduces blood loss and lowers chance of HAI.

Question 3

Where are all things cut off of patients sent?

Answer 3

The lab to inspect for cancer cells, bacteria, etc.

Question 4

Cirrhosis

Answer 4

Scarring of the liver walls, usu due to one of 2 things: alcoholism or hepatitis (viral disease)

Question 5

How is cirrhosis caused by alcoholism?

Answer 5

Alcohol is poison that is processed in the liver. Chronic exposure of alcohol in the liver causes inflammation and scar tissue. Scar tissue makes liver wall impermeable to blood, making the liver essentially unusable. Can cause death.

Question 6

What is a treatment for cirrhosis?

Answer 6

Liver transplant. People with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism is not eligible for a transplant unless they go through a 3+ year plan of alcohol addiction treatment.

Question 7

Hepatitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. Can cause scar tissue, which leads to cirrhosis.

Question 8

Celiac disease

Answer 8

Gluten allergy. Autoimmune- body attacks sm and lg intestines causing swelling and inflammation. Causes altered peristalsis and pain.

Question 9

Treatment for celiac disease?

Answer 9

Avoid gluten and use immunosuppressants

Question 10

Cholecystitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of gallbladder. Often pairs with Cholelithiasis

Question 11

Colon cancer

Answer 11

Aggressive cancer of the colon or large intestine. Hard to treat and must get regular screening to check for it. Recommended colonoscopy for colon cancer at 50. May be earlier if colon cancer is in family

Question 12

Crohn’s disease

Answer 12

Autoimmune condition that causes random inflammation anywhere in digestive tract. painful and causes inflammation. Cannot process food, causes diarrhea, constipation, nutrition issues.

Question 13

How to treat Crohn’s disease

Answer 13

use immunosuppressants or surgically remove affected area. Must use stoma after this surgery.

Question 14

Dental carries

Answer 14

Cavities. To treat, drill out and fill.

Question 15

Enteritis

Answer 15

Inflammation of small intestine. Can be caused by spicy foods

Question 16

Esophageal varices

Answer 16

veins that supply esophagus rupture b/c of cirrhosis. backed up blood in portal vein caused by cirrhosis causes bulging esophageal veins. Eating something that causes it to rupture causes excessive and quick bleeding. Blood flows down into stomach and fills it up faster than it can digest, causing hematemesis.

Question 17

Gastroenteritis

Answer 17

Stomach and small intestine inflammation

Question 18

Gastroenteritis Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 18

Heartburn/pyrosis. Acid reflux caused by opening in diaphragm trapdoor, causing stomach acid to go up and burn esophagus. Position can make it worse, pregnant women can have this, obese people, and people with a hiatal hernia.

Question 19

Hepatitis

Answer 19

Viral infection. Blood borne- spread thru bodily fluids. Hep A is acute and Hep B and C are chronic

Question 20

Hiatal hernia

Answer 20

Stomach ruptures thru diaphragm. part of stomach is in pulmonary cavity. It is ok if it is a small amount, but if a large section of stomach is past diaphragm, it needs surgery.

Question 21

Ileus

Answer 21

Obstruction in sm or lg intestines. Caused by intestinal adhesions or intussusception.

Question 22

Intestinal adhesions

Answer 22

Intestinal scar tissue that abnormally binds and blocks intestines.

Question 23

Intussusception

Answer 23

Intestine folds in on itself.

Question 24

Volvulus

Answer 24

Twisting of intestines which causes blockage. Believed to be caused by incorrect movement in intestines when placed in the body before birth, then in adulthood it twists back causing blockage.

Question 25

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Answer 25

Autoimmune…pt switches from diarrhea to constipation and back and forth. Random.

Question 26

Which is more common: duodenal ulcer or peptic ulcer?

Answer 26

duodenal ulcer because stomach lining is made for the stomach acid while the duodenum is not.

Question 27

Periodontal disease

Answer 27

Gingivitis gone untreated. Causes gums to recede and eventually tooth loss. Smells very bad.

Question 28

Who treats periodontal disease?

Answer 28

Periodontist

Question 29

How is periodontal disease treated?

Answer 29

Deep cleaning deep under gums (under anesthesia)

Question 30

Abdominal ultrasound

Answer 30

soundwaves used to find things such as cholelithiasis

Question 31

Barium enema

Answer 31

Used to view LGI. Chalky substance is injected thru anus to coat lower GI, then xray is taken

Question 32

Computerized Tomography

Answer 32

CT scan. High powered xray

Question 33

Endoscopy

Answer 33

View of UGI using camera down the throat. Live camera.

Question 34

Fluoroscopy

Answer 34

live xray

Question 35

Occult blood test

Answer 35

Digested blood

Question 36

UGI series

Answer 36

barium swallow… chalky substance is swallowed to view upper GI