Chapter 7 Disease/Conditions

Question 1

Aspiration

Answer 1

Inhalation of something other than air. For example, vomit or water.

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Usu due to an allergen or from exercise. Constriction of bronchial tubes and increase in mucus production.

Question 3

How does asthma work?

Answer 3

When there is contact with the allergy trigger, immune system attacks airway which causes swelling of airway and overproduction of mucus in mucous membrane. Can partially block airway or completely block it.

Question 4

What are inhalers? (asthma)

Answer 4

Aerosolized medication. Corticosteroids. Anti-inflam.

Question 5

Respiratory system works better when….

Answer 5

….air is moist and warm by mucous membrane.

Question 6

Atelectasis

Answer 6

Collapsed lung due to airway obstruction, hypoventilation, and fluid buildup. Can be caused if something blocking the airway. Atelectasis is treated by removing whatever is causing the collapsed lung.

Question 7

What is atelectasis due to trauma called?

Answer 7

Pneumothorax

Question 8

Bronchitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of bronchus. Inflammation of mucous linning in bronchus due to infection.

Question 9

Bronchogenic Carcinoma (lung cancer)

Answer 9

Caused by smoking or inhaling toxic fumes… most common in the US

Question 10

Who is eligible for a lung transplant?

Answer 10

People who have unintentionally inhaled toxic fumes, but not people who smoke or intentionally inhale toxins.

Question 11

Bronchospasm

Answer 11

Constriction of the bronchus

Question 12

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 12

Anything that gets in the way of ventilation/respiration

Question 13

Common cold

Answer 13

Viral infection of respiratory tract, often diagnosed as an upper respiratory infection (URI)

Question 14

Croup

Answer 14

Viral infection of the larynx/vocal chords. Usu in young children below 5. Has a characteristic barking cough. Constriction of vocal cords which can cause airway constriction. Treated with steroids/ anti-inflam.

Question 15

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Answer 15

Genetic condition where your body overproduces mucus everywhere…tx include shaky vest

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

1 type of COPD… Alveolar walls develop scar tissue. Due to smoking or inhalation of toxic fumes. Same as cancer.

Question 17

Empyema

Answer 17

Pus in the pleural cavity/lung region which indicates infection.

Question 18

Hay fever

Answer 18

Allergies

Question 19

Influenza

Answer 19

Med term for the flu, caused by a virus

Influenza has multiple different strands

Question 20

Pleural effusion

Answer 20

Fluid buildup in pleural space. Can cause atelectasis.

Question 21

Pneumonia

Answer 21

Fluid in lungs due to illness/ aspiration; illness can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or chemical. Common in elderly population.

Question 22

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Answer 22

Blockage of blood supply to lung by blood clot. Usually happens post-op. Causes almost instant death. Cannot get blood to lung tissue. Symptoms: Oxygenation issues and cyanosis.

Question 23

Sleep apnea

Answer 23

Condition in which you have short periods of apnea during the night/ in your sleep. Not enough oxygen supply for body to repair inself during sleep, which causes fatigue and irritability.Treatment is CPAP

Question 24

Sputum

Answer 24

A collection of mucus coughed up from the lung. Usually sent to lab to investigate. AKA phlegm or loogie

Question 25

Strep throat

Answer 25

Bacterial infection of the pharynx….. Caused by the streptococcus bacteria.

Question 26

Tuberculosis

Answer 26

(TB) Bacteria that infects the lungs.

Question 27

How does lung pressure work and how does it connect to atelectasis?

Answer 27

The pressure in your lungs is not the same as the pressure outside of your body. Atelectasis can be caused by a puncture causing

Question 28

Upper respiratory

Answer 28

Larynx and anything above. Specialist: ENT (Ear Nose Throat)

Question 29

Lower respiratory

Answer 29

Anything inferior to the larynx. Specialist: pulmonologist

Question 30

Pneumothorax

Answer 30

Can be caused in car accident when ribs hit the wheel or when airbag hit ribs. Ribs fracture and puncture the lungs, causing them to collapse.

Question 31

How does tuberculosis work?

Answer 31

Bacteria feeds off of and essentially melts lung. causes you to cough up substantial amount of blood. Fatal w/o intervention.

Question 32

Hemoptysis

Answer 32

Coughing up blood

Question 33

Tuberculosis spores:

Answer 33

When bacteria sense environment is becoming inhabitable due to antibiotics, it creates a cocoon around itself that completely protects it from antibiotics and makes it undetectable. pt does not have symptoms at this time, but they are still contagious.

Question 34

What does a white area on the lung in a chest x-ray indicate?

Answer 34

Fluid build up/ pneumonia or lung cancer

Question 34

Normal oxygen saturation percentage?

Answer 34

96%