Chapter 6: Controls and Control Systems

Question 1

Define controlling

Answer 1

controlling is the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results

Question 2

What is the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results?

Answer 2

controlling

Question 3

Define after-action review

Answer 3

after-action review is a structured review of lessons learned and results accomplished through a completed project, task force assignment, or special operation

Question 4

What is a structured review of lessons learned and results accomplished through a completed project, task force assignment, or special operation?

Answer 4

after-action review

Question 5

What are the four-steps in the control process?

Answer 5

Step 1: establish performance objectives and standards
Step 2: measure actual performance
Step 3: compare actual performance with objectives and standards
Step 4: take necessary action

Question 6

Define output standard

Answer 6

An output standard measures performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time

Question 7

What measures performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time?

Answer 7

output standard

Question 8

Define input standard

Answer 8

An input standard measures work efforts that go into a performance task

Question 9

What measures work efforts that go into a performance task?

Answer 9

input standard

Question 10

Define management by exception

Answer 10

management by exception focuses attention on differences between actual and desired performance

Question 11

What focuses attention on differences between actual and desired performance?

Answer 11

management by exception

Question 12

Define feedforward control

Answer 12

feedforward control ensures clear directions and needed resources before the work begins

Question 13

What ensures clear directions and needed resources before the work begins?

Answer 13

feedforward control

Question 14

Define concurrent control

Answer 14

concurrent control focuses on what happens during the work process

Question 15

What focuses on what happens during the work process?

Answer 15

concurrent control

Question 16

Define feedback control

Answer 16

feedback control takes place after completing an action

Question 17

What takes place after completing an action?

Answer 17

feedback control

Question 18

Define internal control/self-control

Answer 18

internal control occurs as people exercise self-discipline in fulfilling job expectations

Question 19

What occurs as people exercise self-discipline in fulfilling job expectations?

Answer 19

internal control

Question 20

Define external control

Answer 20

external control occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems

Question 21

What occurs as people exercise self-discipline in fulfilling job expectations?

Answer 21

external control

Question 22

Define bureaucratic control

Answer 22

bureaucratic control influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day-to-day supervision

Question 23

What influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day-to-day supervision?

Answer 23

bureaucratic control

Question 24

Define clan control

Answer 24

clan control influences behavior through social norms and peer expectations

Question 25

What influences behavior through social norms and peer expectations?

Answer 25

clan control

Question 26

Define market control

Answer 26

market control is essentially the influence of market competition on the behavior of organizations and their members

Question 27

What is essentially the influence of market competition on the behavior of organizations and their members?

Answer 27

market control

Question 28

Define managing by objectives

Answer 28

managing by objectives is a process of joint objective setting between a superior and a subordinate

Question 29

What is a process of joint objective setting between a superior and a subordinate?

Answer 29

managing by objectives

Question 30

Define improvement objectives

Answer 30

improvement objectives document intentions to improve performance in a specific way

Question 31

What document intentions to improve performance in a specific way?

Answer 31

improvement objectives

Question 32

Define personal development objectives

Answer 32

personal development objectives document intentions to accomplish personal growth, such as expanded job knowledge or skills

Question 33

What document intentions to accomplish personal growth, such as expanded job knowledge or skills?

Answer 33

personal development objectives

Question 34

Define total quality management (TQM)

Answer 34

total quality management commits to quality objectives, continuous improvement, and doing things right the first time

Question 35

What commits to quality objectives, continuous improvement, and doing things right the first time?

Answer 35

total quality management (TQM)

Question 36

Define continuous improvement

Answer 36

Continuous improvement involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance

Question 37

What involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance?

Answer 37

continuous improvement

Question 38

Define control charts

Answer 38

control charts are graphical ways of displaying so that exceptions to quality standards can be identified

Question 39

What are graphical ways of displaying so that exceptions to quality standards can be identified?

Answer 39

control charts

Question 40

Define six sigma

Answer 40

Six Sigma is a quality standard of 3.4 defects or less per million products or service deliveries

Question 41

What is a quality standard of 3.4 defects or less per million products or service deliveries?

Answer 41

Six Sigma

Question 42

Define projects

Answer 42

projects are one-time activities with many component tasks that must be completed in proper order and according to budget

Question 43

What are one-time activities with many component tasks that must be completed in proper order and according to budget?

Answer 43

projects

Question 44

Define project management

Answer 44

project management makes sure that activities required to complete a project are planned well and accomplished on time

Question 45

What makes sure that activities required to complete a project are planned well and accomplished on time?

Answer 45

project management

Question 46

Define Gantt Chart

Answer 46

A Gantt chart graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project

Question 47

What graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project?

Answer 47

Gantt Chart

Question 48

Define CPM/PERT

Answer 48

CPM/PERT is a combination of the critical path method and the program evaluation and review technique

Question 49

What is a combination of the critical path method and the program evaluation and review technique?

Answer 49

CPM/PERT

Question 50

Define critical path

Answer 50

The critical path is the pathway from project start to conclusion that involves activities with the longest completion times

Question 51

What is the pathway from project start to conclusion that involves activities with the longest completion times?

Answer 51

critical path

Question 52

Define inventory control

Answer 52

Inventory control ensures that inventory is only big enough to meet immediate needs

Question 53

What ensures that inventory is only big enough to meet immediate needs?

Answer 53

inventory control

Question 54

Define economic order quantity

Answer 54

The economic order quantity method places new orders when inventory levels fall to predetermined points

Question 55

What method places new orders when inventory levels fall to predetermined points?

Answer 55

economic order quantity

Question 56

Define just-in-time scheduling (JIT)

Answer 56

just-in-time scheduling (JIT) routes materials to workstations just in time for use

Question 57

What routes materials to workstations just in time for use?

Answer 57

just-in-time scheduling (JIT)

Question 58

Define breakeven point

Answer 58

The breakeven point occurs where revenues just equal costs

Question 59

What occurs where revenues just equal costs?

Answer 59

breakeven point

Question 60

Define breakeven analysis

Answer 60

Breakeven analysis performs what-if calculations under different revenue and cost conditions

Question 61

What performs what-if calculations under different revenue and cost conditions?

Answer 61

breakeven analysis

Question 62

Define balanced scorecard

Answer 62

A balanced scorecard measures performance on financial, customer service, internal process, and innovation and learning goals

Question 63

What measures performance on financial, customer service, internal process, and innovation and learning goals?

Answer 63

a balanced scorecard