Chapter 6 - Identity and Personality

Question 1

Self Concept vs Identity

Answer 1

Self-concept: Sum of the ways in which we describe ourselves. Including past, present, and future.

Identity: Individual components of self-concept relating to various groups.

Question 2

Gender Identity

Answer 2

Description based on masculinity or femininity.

Question 3

Ethnic Identity

Answer 3

Refers to membership in a particular ethnic/racial group as well as nationality.
Cultural heritage - shared language - ancestry

Question 4

Hierarchy of Salience

Answer 4

Situational triage of which identity characteristics are most important.

Question 5

Self Discrepancy Theory

Answer 5

3 Selves
- Actual (what we are)
- Ideal (what we want to be)
- Ought (what others want)

Question 6

Locus of Control

Answer 6

Location of control
- Internal (success depends on you)
- External (success depends on environment)

Question 7

Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development

Answer 7

Oral - 0-1 y.o.
Anal 1-3 y.o.
Phallic 3-5 y.o.
Latency 5-Puberty
Genital Puberty +

Question 8

Eriksons Development Stages

Answer 8

Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3)
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs Inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs Role Confusion (12-20)
Intimacy vs Isolation (20-40)
Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65)
Integrity vs Despair (65+)

Question 9

Kholber Moral Reasoning

Answer 9

Preconventional Morality (obedience/self interest)
Conventional Morality
(conformity/law and order)
Postconventional Morality
( social contract/universal human ethics)

Question 10

Heinz Dilemma

Answer 10

Stealing medication when you need it. Moral or not?

Question 11

Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 11

Skills not yet mastered that are better demonstrated by a “more knowledgeable other”

Question 12

Looking Glass Self

Answer 12

Understanding of how others see you

Question 13

Reference Group

Answer 13

Group to which you compare yourself to

Question 14

Personality

Answer 14

Collection of characteristic trait/behaviors/feelings/thoughts that make an individual.

Question 15

4 Perspectives of Personality

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Type/Trait
Behaviorist

Question 16

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 16

Behavior and Identity is driven by unconscious desires.

Question 17

Freuds Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 17

Ego, Id, Superego

Question 18

Id

Answer 18

Unconscious, basic, primal desire to survive and reproduce.

Question 19

Ego

Answer 19

Conscious functions as a mediator between the primal Id and the ideal superego. Uses defense mechanisms to achieve this!

Question 20

Superego

Answer 20

Functions to perfect/idealize

Question 21

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 21

• Repression (unconscious forgetting)
• Suppression (conscious forgetting)
• Rationalization (rationalizing behavior)
• Projection (projecting thoughts/feeling onto others)
• Regression (reverting to a previous developmental state)
• Reaction Formation (reacting in the opposite manner)
• Displacement (displacing emotion from one thing/person to another thing/person)
• Sublimation (turning an unacceptable urge into an acceptable one)

Question 22

Carl Jung Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 22

Emphasis on interpersonal/sociological influence.
Archetypes

Question 23

Carl Jung Archetypes

Answer 23

• Persona (public mask)
• Anima (inner woman)
• Animus (inner man)
• Shadow (inner unpleasant/socially reprehensible)

Question 24

Meyers-Briggs

Answer 24

16 Personalities
Extrovert vs Introvert
Thinking vs Feeling
Sensing vs Intuition
Judging vs Perceiving

Question 25

Fictional Finalism

Answer 25

Motivation due to expectation of future rather than past

Question 26

Alfred Alder

Answer 26

Behavior motivated by striving for superiority

Question 27

Karen Horney

Answer 27

Behavior is motivate by relationship to others

Question 28

Basic Anxiety vs Basic Agression

Answer 28

Vulnerability/Helplessness vs Anger

Question 29

Object Relations Theory

Answer 29

Earlier relationships from basis for future relationships

Question 30

Humanistic Perspective of Personality

Answer 30

Focus on conscious drives for behavior

Question 31

Kurt Lewis Force Field Theory

Answer 31

Low constrain on personality by fixed traits.

Question 32

Abraham Maslow

Answer 32

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Question 33

George Kelly

Answer 33

Personal construct theory

Question 34

Carl Rogers

Answer 34

Freedom to control behavior
Client centered therapy
Unconditional positive regard

Question 35

Type and Trait Theory of Personality

Answer 35

Focused on classifying type/or distinctive traits

Question 36

Type Taxonomies

Answer 36

A/B type
Meyers Briggs

Question 37

Eysenks Trait Personalities (OCEAN)

Answer 37

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 38

Gordon Allport Trait Personalities

Answer 38

Cardinal (core traits, life defining)
Central (major characteristics)
Secondary (situationally specific)

Question 39

Functional Autonomy

Answer 39

Behavior continues despite fulfillment of initial drive.

Question 40

N-Ach

Answer 40

Need for achievement trait (David McClelland)

Question 41

Social Cognitive Theory of Personality

Answer 41

Individuals influence their environments and the environment influences the individual.

Question 42

Behavioral Theory

Answer 42

Based on operant conditioning

Question 43

Biological Theory

Answer 43

Genetic expression dictated behavior