Chapter 7 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Biomedical Approach to Psych Disorders

Answer 1

Narrow focus mostly on symptom reduction

Question 2

Biophysical Approach to Psych Disorders

Answer 2

Broad focus on holistic health to treat psych disorders

Question 3

Direct Therapy

Answer 3

Therapy focused on the individual

Question 4

Indirect Therapy

Answer 4

Therapy focused on the surroundings of the individual (friends, family)

Question 5

Psychotic Disorder (symptoms/types)

Answer 5

Symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorder thoughts/behaviors, catatonia, and negative symptoms
Examples: Schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, delusion disorder, brief psychotic episode.

Question 6

Positive Psychotic Symptoms

Answer 6

Addition to normal behaviors
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thoughts/behaviors

Question 7

Negative Psychotic Symptoms

Answer 7

Decrease in normal behaviors affect and avolition
- Blunting (decreased emotion)
- Emotional flattening (no emotion)
- Inappropriate effect

Question 8

Phases of Schizophrenia

Answer 8

Prodromal
Active
Residual Recovery

Question 9

Depressive Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 9

Symptoms: Sadness + SIG E CAPS (Sadness, Sleep, Interest , Guilt, Engagement, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor symptoms, Suicidal thought)
Types: MDD, PDD,

Question 10

MDD vs PDD Diagnosis criteria

Answer 10

MDD: 2+ weeks 5-9 symptoms
PDD: 2+ years 5-9 symptoms

Question 11

Bipolar Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 11

Symptoms: Manic DIG FAST (Distractibility, irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of thoughts, Activity/Agitation, Sleep, Talkative)
Types: BPI, BPII, Cyclothymic Disorder

Question 12

Bipolar I vs Bipolar II

Answer 12

I: Manic episodes with or without catatonic episodes.
II: Catatonic episodes without manic episodes.

Question 13

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 13

Brief Schizophrenia symptoms (less than 4 days, less than 5 symptoms)

Question 14

Anxiety Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 14

Symptoms: Irrational and excessive fear
Types: Phobias, separation anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 15

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (symptoms, types)

Answer 15

Symptoms: response to stimuli/situations with specific actions
Types: OCD, body dysmorphia, hoarding, trichotillomania, excoriation

Question 16

Trauma/Stressor Related Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 16

Symptoms: Cause by trauma/stressors
Types: PTSD, dissociative disorders, dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Question 17

PTSD Criteria

Answer 17

• Intrusion
• Arousal
• Avoidance
• Negative cognitive symptoms

Question 18

Somatic Symptom Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 18

Symptoms: Anxiety caused by a somatic symptom
Types: Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder.

Question 19

Personality Disorders (symptoms/types)

Answer 19

Symptoms: Impaired cognition, emotion, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control
Types: Cluster A/B/C disorders

Question 20

Conversion Disorder

Answer 20

Symptoms affecting motor/sensory function inconsistent with neurophysical condition.

Question 21

Ego dystonic vs systonic

Answer 21

Dystonic: Individual perceives behavior as normal
Systonic: Individual perceives behavior as abnormal

Question 22

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Answer 22

Odd/eccentric
Paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid

Question 23

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Answer 23

Erratic/dramatic/emotional
Antisocial, borderline personality disorder, histrionic, narcissistic.

Question 24

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Answer 24

Anxious/fearful
Avoidant, depressive, obsessive compulsive

Question 25

Biological Basis of Schizophrenia

Answer 25

Genetics, hypoxia at birth, marijuana use in adolescence, possible brain structure differences.

Question 26

Biological Basis of Depressive and Bipolar Disorder

Answer 26

Depression: high glucose metabolism in the amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, increased cortisol, decreased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine) Bipolar Disorder: Increased norepinephrine, increased serotonin, genetics, MS

Question 27

Biological Basis of Alzheimer's

Answer 27

- Presenilin mutation, apolipoprotein E, B amyloid tangles - Brain atrophy, flattened sulci in cerebral cortex, enlarge ventricles - Decreased blood flow to parietals - decreased acetylcholine - decreased choline acetyltransferase (acetylcholine production) - decreased metabolism in temporal and parietal lobes, B amyloid plaques, Tau tangles.

Question 28

Biological Basis of Parkinson's

Answer 28

- Bradykinesia, resting tremors, pill rolling tremor, masklike face, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait. - low dopamine in basal ganglia - treatment with L-DOPA