Chapter 6: Observing Behavior Flashcards
What approach focuses on the deductive approach?
Quantitative method
What approach focuses on the inductive approach?
Qualitative method
What is the deductive approach?
Method in which researchers form a hypothesis in the beginning using lit reviews, and collect data after
What is the inductive approach?
Method in which researchers avoid lit reviews, and instead go out and collect data right away. A hypothesis is formed after the fact from this data.
Which approach focuses on behavior in a more natural setting?
Qualitative approach
Which approach tends to focus more on specific behaviors that can be quantified?
Quantitative approach
What are 4 methods of conducting non-experimental research?
- Naturalistic observation
- Systematic observation
- Case studies
- Archival research
What are some differences between naturalistic and systematic observation?
Systematic:
- only interested in a few specific behaviors
- observations are quantifiable (quantitative)
- Prior hypotheses have been developed (deductive)
What is a limitation of naturalistic observation?
It can NOT be used to study all issues
What is a negative case analysis? What must happen if this occurs?
An examination of observations that do not fit the hypotheses developed by the researcher
If this happens, the hypothesis must be revised
What are coding systems?
Systems used to measure behaviors in systematic observations
What are the two types of case studies?
- A psychobiography
- Description of a patient by a clinical psychologist
What are three forms of archival research data?
- statistical records
- survey archives
- written records (like diaries, letters, speeches, etc.)
What are some methodological issues in systematic observations?
- Equipment
- Reactivity
- Reliability
- Sampling
