Chapter 8: Experimental Design Flashcards
What are basic experiments? What are the 2 types?
Most simple design- has 2 variables, IV and DV
2 types: posttest-only and pretest-posstest
What are 2 ways to assign participants to conditions
Independent groups-random assignment if participants to one condition
Repeated measures- Same participants used in all conditions
What are some order effects
Practice effects- performance improves as study progresses
Fatigue effects- Performance deteriorates as study progresses
Carryover effects- effect of 1st condition affects performance in 2nd condition
How can you control for order effects?
Complete counterbalancing- all possible orders are included in the experiment
Latin square- controls for order effects without having all possible orders
What is a matched pairs design?
Match groups on a certain characteristic related to the DV, and randomly assign one member of each pair to a condition
When would you use a latin square over counterbalancing to control for order effects?
When there is more than 3 conditions
What is this an example of?
Complete counterbalancing
What is this an example of?
A latin square
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that is not controlled in a research experiment. May influence the DV, making it hard to tell if the difference found was from the IV or the confounding variable
What is a latin square?
A technique that controls for order effects without having all possible orders
