Chapter 6 Quiz Flashcards
(27 cards)
Semantic rules definition
Rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed to the structure
Equivocal language definition
Ambiguous language that has two or more equally plausible meanings
Relative words definition
Words that gain their meaning by comparison
Static evaluation definition
The tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging
Abstract language definition
Language that is vague and general rather than concrete and specific
Behavioral language definition
Language that describes observable behavior
Abstraction ladder definition
A range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object
Syntactic rules definition
Rules that govern the ways symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols.
Pragmatic rules definition
Linguistic rules that help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context
Convergence definition
The processes of adapting one’s speech style to match that of others with whom the wants to identify
Divergence definition
Language mannerisms that emphasize a communicator’s differences from others.
Powerless speech mannerisms definition
Ways of speaking that may reduce perceptions of a communicator’s power
Politeness definition
Communicating in ways that save face for both senders and receivers
Emotive language definition
Language that conveys the sender’s attitude rather than simply offered an objective description
“It” statements definition
Statements that replace the personal pronoun “I” with the less immediate word “it”, often reducing the speaker’s acceptance of responsibility for the statement
“I” language definition
A statement that clearly identifies the speaker as the source of a message
“But” statement definition
A statement in which the word “but” cancels out the expression preceding it
“You” language
A statement that expresses or implies a judgement of the other person
“We” language
Statement that implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and receiver of a message
Low-context cultures definition
Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible
High-context culture
Cultures that avoid direct use of language, relying instead on the context of a message to convey meaning
Linguistic relativity definition
The notion that the worldview of a vulture is shaped and reflected by the language it’s members speak
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Theory of linguistic relatively in which language shapes a culture‘s perceived reality
What are sorts of semantic rules
- Equivocation
- Relative language
- Static evaluation
- Abstraction
